[{"_1":2,"_1865":-5,"_1866":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_70":71},"root",{"_5":6,"_7":8,"_9":10,"_11":12,"_53":-5,"_54":-5,"_55":56,"_13":57,"_58":59},"cart",["P",6],"isLoggedIn",["P",8],"footer",["P",10],"header",{"_13":14,"_28":29},"shop",{"_15":16,"_17":18,"_19":20,"_21":22,"_25":26},"id","gid://shopify/Shop/55464263877","name","BROONO","description","Discover BROONO’s natural dog supplements and vitamins for joints, gut, anxiety, for healthier and happier dogs. Vet-recommended.","primaryDomain",{"_23":24},"url","https://checkout.broono.pet","brand",{"_27":-5},"logo","menu",{"_15":30,"_31":32},"gid://shopify/Menu/180981170373","items",[33,45],{"_15":34,"_35":36,"_37":38,"_39":40,"_41":42,"_23":43,"_31":44},"gid://shopify/MenuItem/444781166789","resourceId","gid://shopify/Collection/281986400453","tags",[],"title","Shop","type","COLLECTION","https://checkout.broono.pet/collections/dog-supplements",[],{"_15":46,"_35":47,"_37":48,"_39":49,"_41":50,"_23":51,"_31":52},"gid://shopify/MenuItem/462595326149","gid://shopify/Blog/82819776709",[],"Articles","BLOG","https://checkout.broono.pet/blogs/dog-health-articles",[],"discountApplied","discountFailed","publicStoreDomain","broonostore.myshopify.com",["P",57],"consent",{"_60":61,"_62":63,"_64":65,"_66":67,"_68":69},"checkoutDomain","checkout.broono.pet","storefrontAccessToken","9cc4b82f07e74523eb1f73e51c0926ef","withPrivacyBanner",false,"country","US","language","EN","routes/ingredients._index",{"_72":73},"ingredients",[74,175,235,290,349,401,453,504,569,626,686,742,809,853,912,965,1010,1060,1113,1158,1211,1278,1326,1383,1429,1484,1527,1588,1645,1700,1763,1818],{"_75":76,"_77":78,"_17":79,"_80":81,"_82":83,"_84":85,"_86":87,"_88":89,"_100":101,"_99":113,"_121":122,"_123":124,"_151":152},"handle","boswellia-serrata-for-dogs","metaobjectHandle","boswellia-serrata","Boswellia","alternativeName","Boswellia serrata","claim","Boswellia serrata is safe for dogs at the studied amount, and it supports joint comfort and a normal inflammatory response","seoDescription","Boswellia serrata gives dogs boswellic acids, plant compounds studied for joint comfort and normal inflammatory balance around the joints.","category","Inflammation support","products",[90],{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":96,"_82":83,"_97":98,"_86":87,"_99":-7},"move","Move","attribute","Hip & Joint","dose","200 mg","body","Boswellia serrata is safe for dogs at a measured daily amount. It provides boswellic acids, botanical compounds widely studied for their role in inflammatory pathways. In dogs, Boswellia-containing supplements have been evaluated in mobility and osteoarthritis studies, where they were associated with improvements in owner-assessed mobility, joint comfort, and clinical signs. Its role in the formula is to help support comfortable movement by contributing to normal inflammatory balance around the joints.","image","papers",[102,107,110],{"_103":104,"_105":106},"citation","Martello, E., Bigliati, M., Adami, R., Biasibetti, E., Bisanzio, D., Meineri, G. and Bruni, N. (2022) ‘Efficacy of a dietary supplement in dogs with osteoarthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial’, PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0263971","link","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0263971",{"_103":108,"_105":109},"Gabriele, V., Bisanzio, D., Riva, A., Meineri, G., Adami, R. and Martello, E. (2023) ‘Long-term effects of a diet supplement containing Cannabis sativa oil and Boswellia serrata in dogs with osteoarthritis following physiotherapy treatments: a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical trial’, Natural Product Research, 37(11), pp. 1782–1786","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36067506/",{"_103":111,"_105":112},"Stabile, M., Fracassi, L., Lacitignola, L., Garcia-Pedraza, E., Girelli, C.R., Calculli, C., D’Uggento, A.M., Ribecco, N., Crovace, A., Fanizzi, F.P. and Staffieri, F. (2024) ‘Effects of a feed supplement, containing undenatured type II collagen (UC II®) and Boswellia Serrata, in the management of mild/moderate mobility disorders in dogs: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study’, PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0305697","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0305697",{"_114":115,"_116":117,"_118":119,"_120":119},"src","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/boswellia-resin.png?v=1768364763","alt","","width",768,"height","inclusion","Boswellia serrata is included as part of Move's inflammation support active ingredients.","article",{"_39":125,"_126":127,"_128":129},"Boswellia serrata for dogs: what the research shows, and how it compares to turmeric","intro","Boswellia serrata, also called Indian frankincense, has one of the better-developed evidence bases of any joint-support botanical in dogs, with multiple placebo-controlled trials behind it, and it's safe for dogs at the amount used in a daily chew, commonly paired with turmeric rather than used as a substitute for it.","sections",[130,137,142,147],{"_131":132,"_133":134},"heading","What the canine trials found","paragraphs",[135,136],"Three separate randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have tested boswellia-containing supplements in dogs with osteoarthritis or mobility disorders. One found efficacy on owner-assessed measures, a second looked at long-term effects when paired with Cannabis sativa oil after physiotherapy, and a third, more recent cross-over trial evaluated boswellia alongside undenatured type II collagen for mild to moderate mobility disorders.","Across these trials, the consistent finding is improvement in owner-reported mobility and joint comfort, evaluated using the kind of structured, blinded design that carries more weight than anecdote. That's a meaningfully deeper evidence base than many joint-support botanicals have in dogs specifically, rather than being extrapolated from human or in-vitro research.",{"_131":138,"_133":139},"How much boswellia is safe for a dog",[140,141],"As with turmeric, the safe amount depends on the extract's concentration of boswellic acids and the dog's size, which is why Broono doesn't leave it to guesswork: Move includes a fixed, tested amount of boswellia serrata per serving, in a chew already sized for a dog's daily routine.","If you're considering a boswellia supplement outside a purpose-built product, check the boswellic acid content and the recommended amount with your vet rather than assuming any amount is automatically safe.",{"_131":143,"_133":144},"Boswellia vs turmeric: why Move uses both",[145,146],"Boswellia and turmeric are frequently searched as alternatives for the same joint-health goal, since both are botanical anti-inflammatories with dog-specific research behind them. They act through different compounds, boswellic acids versus curcuminoids, which is the reasoning behind combining them rather than treating one as a replacement for the other.","Neither has been shown to be categorically stronger than the other in dogs, so the practical choice made in Move's formulation is to use both at researched amounts alongside ginger, glucosamine, and chondroitin, rather than picking a single botanical to carry joint support on its own.",{"_131":148,"_133":149},"Safety notes",[150],"Boswellia is generally well tolerated at supplement amounts in the trials above, with mild digestive upset the most commonly reported issue. As with any new ingredient, introduce it gradually and check with your vet first if your dog is pregnant, nursing, or on other medication.","faq",[153,158,161,169,172],{"_154":155,"_156":157},"q","Is boswellia serrata safe for dogs?","a","Yes, at the amounts used in the placebo-controlled canine trials it's been tested in. Broono includes a fixed, tested amount per serving in Move, consistent with the research showing improvements in owner-assessed mobility and joint comfort.",{"_154":159,"_156":160},"Does boswellia actually help dogs with arthritis?","The evidence is more developed here than for most joint-support botanicals: three separate blinded, placebo-controlled trials in dogs with osteoarthritis or mobility disorders have found improvements in owner-reported comfort and mobility.",{"_154":162,"_156":163,"_105":164},"Should I give my dog boswellia or turmeric for joint support?","You don't have to choose. They work through different compounds, boswellic acids and curcuminoids, and neither has been shown to be clearly stronger in dogs, which is why Move combines both rather than relying on a single botanical.",{"_165":166,"_167":168},"text","Read more about turmeric","to","/ingredients/turmeric-for-dogs",{"_154":170,"_156":171},"What is boswellia supplements for pets used for?","Joint comfort and mobility support. Boswellia serrata, also known as Indian frankincense, provides boswellic acids studied for their role in normal inflammatory balance, and canine trials have linked boswellia-containing supplements to improvements in owner-assessed mobility.",{"_154":173,"_156":174},"Can dogs take boswellia every day?","Yes, that's how it's studied and used. The canine trials behind boswellia's joint-comfort evidence gave it daily over weeks to months, consistent with how Move includes it as part of a daily chew rather than an occasional treatment.",{"_75":176,"_77":177,"_17":178,"_80":179,"_82":180,"_84":181,"_86":182,"_88":183,"_100":187,"_99":194,"_121":198,"_123":199,"_151":213},"chondroitin-for-dogs","chondroitin","Chondroitin","Chondroitin sulfate","Supports cartilage resilience and joint cushioning","Chondroitin is a structural compound in cartilage that helps maintain hydration and shock absorption, studied alongside glucosamine for joint support.","Hip & Joint support",[184],{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":185,"_82":180,"_97":186,"_86":182,"_99":-7},"75 mg","Chondroitin is a structural compound found naturally in cartilage, where it helps maintain hydration, elasticity, and shock-absorbing properties. In canine mobility research, chondroitin is frequently studied alongside glucosamine as part of cartilage-support formulations. Its role in the formula is to help maintain the structural environment that supports smooth, comfortable movement.",[188,191],{"_103":189,"_105":190},"McCarthy, G., O’Donovan, J., Jones, B., McAllister, H., Seed, M. and Mooney, C. (2007) ‘Randomised double-blind, positive-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis’, The Veterinary Journal, 174(1), pp. 54–61","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090023306000900",{"_103":192,"_105":193},"Bhathal, A., Spryszak, M., Louizos, C. and Frankel, G. (2017) ‘Glucosamine and chondroitin use in canines for osteoarthritis: A review’, Open Veterinary Journal, 7(1), pp. 36–49","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5356289/",{"_114":195,"_116":196,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Chondroitin-White-Powderc.jpg?v=1742718782","Chondroitin white powder on a white background",1000,"Chondroitin is included as part of Move's hip & Joint support active ingredients.",{"_39":200,"_126":201,"_128":202},"Chondroitin for dogs: the cartilage-cushioning half of a joint-support duo","Cartilage needs to do two things at once: hold water and resist compression. Chondroitin sulfate is the structural compound behind the first, which is why Move pairs it with glucosamine rather than relying on either alone.",[203,208],{"_131":204,"_133":205},"What chondroitin actually does inside a joint",[206,207],"Cartilage isn't solid tissue; it's a water-retaining matrix that has to stay hydrated to absorb shock. Chondroitin sulfate is a large, negatively charged molecule naturally present in that matrix, and its charge is what draws water in and holds it there, giving cartilage its cushioning and elasticity.","That hydration is what lets cartilage act as a shock absorber between bones during everyday movement: running, jumping off furniture, climbing stairs. Without enough of it, cartilage stiffens and cushions less effectively.",{"_131":209,"_133":210},"Why chondroitin is studied and used alongside glucosamine, not alone",[211,212],"A randomised, double-blind trial in dogs with osteoarthritis tested chondroitin and glucosamine together rather than either compound on its own, and a broader review of canine joint-support research follows the same pattern: the two are evaluated as a pair far more often than solo, because they support different parts of cartilage structure.","Chondroitin's role is the water-holding, shock-absorbing side; glucosamine contributes the raw material cartilage uses to rebuild itself. That's the logic behind Move combining both rather than choosing one.",[214,220,223,229,232],{"_154":215,"_156":216,"_105":217},"Is chondroitin safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in joint-support research. A randomised, double-blind trial in dogs with osteoarthritis tested glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate together and found it a safe, effective option, which is the combination Move uses.",{"_165":218,"_167":219},"Read more about Move","/products/move",{"_154":221,"_156":222},"Is chondroitin good for dogs with arthritis?","The evidence points that way when paired with glucosamine. A positive-controlled trial in dogs with osteoarthritis and a broader review of glucosamine/chondroitin use in canine osteoarthritis both support a role for the combination in joint comfort.",{"_154":224,"_156":225,"_105":226},"Why is chondroitin combined with glucosamine rather than used alone?","Because they support different parts of cartilage structure: chondroitin helps cartilage hold water and cushion joints, while glucosamine supplies building blocks for the cartilage matrix itself. Canine research has studied them together far more often than either alone, which is the combination Move follows.",{"_165":227,"_167":228},"Read more about glucosamine","/ingredients/glucosamine-for-dogs",{"_154":230,"_156":231},"What does chondroitin do for a dog's cartilage?","It's a structural compound found naturally in cartilage, where it helps maintain hydration, elasticity and shock-absorbing properties. Move includes it specifically to support that cushioning role during everyday movement.",{"_154":233,"_156":234},"Can dogs take chondroitin every day?","Yes, that's how it's studied and used. The canine trial behind chondroitin's joint-comfort evidence tested it as an everyday supplement rather than an occasional treatment, consistent with how Move includes it in a daily chew.",{"_75":236,"_77":237,"_17":238,"_80":239,"_82":240,"_84":241,"_86":242,"_88":243,"_100":250,"_99":254,"_121":257,"_123":258,"_151":271},"copper-for-dogs","copper","Copper","Copper sulfate","Supports normal enzymatic activity and connective tissue formation in dogs","Copper is a trace mineral dogs need for the enzyme systems that build connective tissue, produce energy, and defend cells against oxidative stress.","Antioxidant defence",[244],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":248,"_82":240,"_97":249,"_86":242,"_99":-7},"essential","Essential","Daily Foundation","1 mg","Copper is an essential trace mineral involved in enzyme systems responsible for energy production, connective tissue formation, and antioxidant defence. It plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological processes and contributes to the structural integrity of tissues.",[251],{"_103":252,"_105":253},"AAFCO (2023) ‘Copper in Dog Foods: Expert Panel Report’","https://www.aafco.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Copper_in_Dog_Foods_Expert_Panel_Report_to_the_PFCkv2136684-2136685.pdf",{"_114":255,"_116":117,"_118":197,"_120":256},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/copper.png?v=1782250869",2048,"Copper is included as part of Essential's antioxidant defence active ingredients.",{"_39":259,"_126":260,"_128":261},"Copper for dogs: the trace mineral behind three separate jobs","A single trace mineral rarely does one job in the body, and copper is a clear example: it's one of several enzyme cofactors in Essential's antioxidant defence group, alongside energy production and connective tissue.",[262,267],{"_131":263,"_133":264},"Three systems, one mineral",[265,266],"Copper is a cofactor in enzyme systems that span energy production, connective tissue formation and antioxidant defence, which is a wider spread than most trace minerals cover. That breadth is exactly why AAFCO's expert panel on copper in dog food treats it as a nutrient worth tracking precisely rather than a minor additive.","Because copper's roles are spread across the body rather than tied to one organ or system, a shortfall doesn't show up as a single obvious symptom; it tends to surface gradually across tissue integrity and energy metabolism instead.",{"_131":268,"_133":269},"Why the amount is measured, not left to diet",[270],"Copper is a case where more isn't automatically better: excess copper is a genuine concern in canine nutrition, distinct from most trace minerals where the bigger risk is a shortfall. That's part of why AAFCO's expert panel specifically reviewed copper levels in commercial dog food, and why Essential includes it at a fixed amount per serving rather than an open-ended one.",[272,278,281,284,287],{"_154":273,"_156":274,"_105":275},"Is copper safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a balanced daily supplement. Copper is an essential trace mineral with an established requirement in canine nutrition, covered in AAFCO's expert panel report on copper in dog food.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},"Read more about Essential","/products/essential",{"_154":279,"_156":280},"What does copper do for dogs?","It's a cofactor in enzyme systems responsible for energy production, connective tissue formation and antioxidant defence, contributing to the structural integrity of tissues throughout the body.",{"_154":282,"_156":283},"Can dogs have too much copper?","Excess copper is a genuine concern in dog nutrition, which is why AAFCO's expert panel specifically reviewed copper levels in commercial dog food. Broono includes it at a measured amount per serving in Essential rather than leaving total intake unaccounted for.",{"_154":285,"_156":286},"Why is copper included in Essential rather than a joint or skin product?","Because its role spans multiple systems, energy metabolism, connective tissue and antioxidant defence, rather than one target area, which fits Essential's daily maintenance purpose.",{"_154":288,"_156":289},"Do dogs get enough copper from food alone?","It depends on the diet, which is part of why AAFCO's expert panel focused specifically on copper levels in commercial dog food. Essential includes a measured baseline amount as part of the antioxidant defence group rather than assuming diet alone covers it.",{"_75":291,"_77":292,"_17":293,"_80":294,"_82":295,"_84":296,"_86":297,"_88":298,"_100":305,"_99":312,"_121":315,"_123":316,"_151":330},"fennel-seeds-for-dogs","fennel-seeds","Fennel seeds","Foeniculum vulgare","Fennel seeds are safe for dogs in small amounts, and they're traditionally used to ease gas and bloating","Fennel seeds bring anethole and fenchone, compounds traditionally used to ease gas, bloating and mild digestive tension in dogs, in a small daily amount.","Digestive comfort",[299],{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":303,"_82":295,"_97":304,"_86":297,"_99":-7},"prebiotic","Prebiotic","Gut & Skin","35 mg","Fennel seeds, also known as saunf, are safe for dogs in the small amounts used in a daily chew. They're aromatic seeds traditionally used to ease gas, bloating and mild digestive tension, thanks to natural compounds like anethole and fenchone. Broono includes a modest, carefully calibrated amount in Prebiotic, enough to support digestive comfort without overdoing it. As with any new ingredient, introduce them gradually, and check with your vet first if your dog has a sensitive stomach or is on medication. Fennel seeds also contain phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, alongside their role in the fibre blend.",[306,309],{"_103":307,"_105":308},"Badgujar, S.B., Patel, V.V. and Bandivdekar, A.H. (2014) ‘Foeniculum vulgare Mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology’, BioMed Research International, 2014, 842674","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25162032/",{"_103":310,"_105":311},"European Medicines Agency (2008) ‘Foeniculi dulcis fructus: summary for the public’, European Medicines Agency","https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/foeniculi-dulcis-fructus",{"_114":313,"_116":117,"_118":314,"_120":314},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/fennel-seeds-small.png?v=1768201231",500,"Fennel seeds are included as part of Prebiotic's digestive comfort active ingredients.",{"_39":317,"_126":318,"_128":319},"Fennel seeds for dogs: a traditional digestive-comfort seed, in a modest amount","Also known as saunf, these aromatic seeds have a long history of easing gas and bloating, which is why Prebiotic includes a small, calibrated amount alongside the rest of its fibre blend.",[320,325],{"_131":321,"_133":322},"What makes fennel traditionally useful for digestion",[323,324],"The seeds carry natural compounds, chiefly anethole and fenchone, that traditional use and pharmacology reviews associate with easing gas, bloating and mild digestive tension. That's a different mechanism from a fibre source: it's about calming the digestive tract rather than bulking stool.","Fennel also contributes phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, which is a secondary benefit alongside its role in Prebiotic's digestive-comfort blend.",{"_131":326,"_133":327},"Why the amount is kept modest",[328,329],"Fennel is safe for dogs, but only within the small amounts used in a daily supplement; a European regulatory review of fennel fruit reaches the same conclusion at food-grade amounts. Broono calibrates the amount in Prebiotic to sit comfortably within that safe range rather than maximising for potency.","As with introducing any new ingredient, add it gradually and speak to your vet first if your dog has a sensitive stomach or takes medication.",[331,337,340,343,346],{"_154":332,"_156":333,"_105":334},"Can dogs eat fennel seeds?","Yes. Fennel seeds are traditionally used to ease gas, bloating and mild digestive tension, and they're safe for dogs at the small amounts used in a daily supplement, such as the small amount included in Prebiotic.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},"Read more about Prebiotic","/products/prebiotic",{"_154":338,"_156":339},"Is fennel good for dogs?","In the small amounts used in a daily supplement, yes. Fennel seeds contain anethole and fenchone, compounds traditionally used to ease gas, bloating and mild digestive tension, and they also carry phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity.",{"_154":341,"_156":342},"Is fennel safe for dogs every day?","At a measured daily amount, yes. Broono includes fennel seeds at a modest, carefully calibrated amount as part of Prebiotic's fibre blend, calibrated for everyday use rather than occasional use.",{"_154":344,"_156":345},"Are fennel seeds toxic to dogs?","No, not at the modest amounts used in a supplement. Fennel seeds have a long history of use, and their toxicology has been covered in the pharmacology literature; problems tend to come from uncontrolled amounts, not the small, calibrated amount Broono includes in Prebiotic.",{"_154":347,"_156":348},"Are fennel seeds bad for dogs in large amounts?","Large, uncontrolled amounts of any new ingredient can upset a dog's stomach, and fennel seeds are no exception. That's why Broono uses a specific, modest amount rather than leaving it to guesswork. Introduce them gradually and check with your vet if your dog has a sensitive stomach or is on medication.",{"_75":350,"_77":351,"_17":352,"_80":353,"_82":354,"_84":355,"_86":87,"_88":356,"_100":360,"_99":365,"_121":368,"_123":369,"_151":382},"ginger-for-dogs","ginger","Ginger","Zingiber officinale","Supports joint comfort and normal inflammatory balance","Ginger's gingerols and shogaols are studied for joint comfort and oxidative stress in dogs, working alongside boswellia and turmeric in Move's formula.",[357],{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":358,"_82":354,"_97":359,"_86":87,"_99":-7},"100 mg","Ginger contains naturally occurring bioactives such as gingerols and shogaols, which are studied for their role in inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways. In dogs, ginger has been included in mobility-focused formulations evaluated for osteoarthritis support, including research showing improvements in inflammatory and oxidative-stress markers alongside chronic pain outcomes. Its role in the formula is to complement Boswellia and turmeric as part of a botanical approach to comfortable movement. Ginger is also traditionally used for digestive comfort and nausea, including motion sickness, though Move includes it specifically for its joint and antioxidant role rather than as a car-sickness remedy.",[361,362],{"_103":108,"_105":109},{"_103":363,"_105":364},"Bartels, E.M., Folmer, V.N., Bliddal, H., Altman, R.D., Juhl, C., Tarp, S., Zhang, W. and Christensen, R. (2015) ‘Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials’, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 23(1), pp. 13–21","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25300574/",{"_114":366,"_116":117,"_118":367,"_120":367},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/ginger.png?v=1768364975",576,"Ginger is included as part of Move's inflammation support active ingredients.",{"_39":370,"_126":371,"_128":372},"Ginger for dogs: the joint role, not the car-sickness one","Ginger has two separate reputations, easing nausea and supporting joints, and Move includes it for the second one specifically, working alongside boswellia and turmeric.",[373,377],{"_131":374,"_133":375},"What the compounds in ginger actually do",[376],"Ginger's gingerols and shogaols are the compounds studied for inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways, and in dogs, ginger has featured in mobility-focused formulations evaluated for osteoarthritis support, with research showing improvements in inflammatory markers alongside pain outcomes. A meta-analysis of ginger in human osteoarthritis patients reached a similar conclusion across multiple randomised, placebo-controlled trials.",{"_131":378,"_133":379},"Why Move doesn't use it for nausea",[380,381],"Ginger is traditionally used for digestive comfort and motion sickness, and that reputation is well earned. But Move includes it specifically for the joint and antioxidant role studied above, at an amount and alongside compounds calibrated for that purpose rather than as a car-sickness remedy.","That's also why it's combined with boswellia and turmeric: the three act through overlapping but distinct compounds, so the formula isn't relying on any single botanical to carry joint comfort on its own.",[383,386,389,392,395],{"_154":384,"_156":385},"Is ginger good for dogs?","In the amounts used in a joint-support formula, yes. Ginger contains gingerols and shogaols, compounds studied for their role in inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways, and Move includes it alongside boswellia and turmeric for joint comfort.",{"_154":387,"_156":388},"Is ginger root safe for dogs?","At supplement amounts, yes. A meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials in osteoarthritis patients found ginger reduced pain and improved function; in dogs it's used as part of joint-support formulations aimed at comfort and mobility, working alongside boswellia and turmeric rather than alone.",{"_154":390,"_156":391},"Does ginger help dogs with nausea or car sickness?","Traditionally, yes, ginger is used for digestive comfort and nausea, including motion sickness. Move doesn't include it for that reason though; it's there for its joint and antioxidant role, so it isn't calibrated as a car-sickness remedy.",{"_154":393,"_156":394},"Can dogs have ginger every day?","Yes, that's how it's included in Move: a set amount per serving in a daily chew, alongside boswellia and turmeric, rather than an occasional remedy.",{"_154":396,"_156":397,"_105":398},"Why is ginger combined with boswellia and turmeric instead of used alone?","The three act through overlapping but distinct compounds, gingerols and shogaols, boswellic acids, and curcuminoids, which is why Move uses all three as part of a broader botanical approach to joint comfort rather than relying on any single one.",{"_165":399,"_167":400},"Read more about boswellia","/ingredients/boswellia-serrata-for-dogs",{"_75":402,"_77":403,"_17":404,"_80":405,"_82":406,"_84":407,"_86":182,"_88":408,"_100":412,"_99":415,"_121":418,"_123":419,"_151":433},"glucosamine-for-dogs","glucosamine","Glucosamine","Glucosamine sulfate","Supports cartilage structure and normal joint function","Glucosamine builds glycosaminoglycans, the structural components of cartilage and joint fluid, often studied with chondroitin for canine joint support.",[409],{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":410,"_82":406,"_97":411,"_86":182,"_99":-7},"250 mg","Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar used by the body to build glycosaminoglycans, key structural components of cartilage and joint fluid. In canine studies, glucosamine has commonly been evaluated together with chondroitin in joint-support formulations. Its role in the formula is to provide nutritional support for cartilage structure, joint cushioning, and everyday mobility.",[413,414],{"_103":189,"_105":190},{"_103":104,"_105":106},{"_114":416,"_116":417,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Glucosamine-Drop.png?v=1742718864","Glucosamine drop","Glucosamine is included as part of Move's hip & Joint support active ingredients.",{"_39":420,"_126":421,"_128":422},"Glucosamine for dogs: the building block behind a joint-support duo","Cartilage constantly rebuilds itself, and glucosamine supplies a key raw material for that process. It's why Move pairs glucosamine with chondroitin, rather than leaning on one compound to do both jobs.",[423,428],{"_131":424,"_133":425},"What glucosamine supplies to cartilage",[426,427],"Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar, and the body uses it to build glycosaminoglycans, the long-chain molecules that form the structural scaffolding of cartilage and joint fluid. Without enough raw material, that scaffolding has less to rebuild itself from.","That matters most where cartilage takes ongoing wear: hips, elbows, and other joints that flex and bear weight through everyday movement. Supplying glucosamine is a nutritional way of supporting that rebuilding process rather than treating a joint problem after it develops.",{"_131":429,"_133":430},"Why glucosamine is evaluated together with chondroitin, not alone",[431,432],"A randomised, double-blind, positive-controlled trial in dogs with osteoarthritis tested glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as a pair, and a separate placebo-controlled trial found benefits for the same combination. Canine research consistently studies them together rather than in isolation.","The reason is that they cover different ground: glucosamine supplies the building blocks cartilage uses to rebuild, while chondroitin handles the water-retention and cushioning side. Move follows the combination the evidence actually supports.",[434,438,441,444,450],{"_154":435,"_156":436,"_105":437},"Is glucosamine safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount studied in canine joint-support trials. A randomised, double-blind, positive-controlled trial tested glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate together in dogs with osteoarthritis, and a separate placebo-controlled trial also supports the combination's safety profile.",{"_165":218,"_167":219},{"_154":439,"_156":440},"Is glucosamine good for dogs with arthritis?","The evidence supports a role for it, particularly alongside chondroitin. Canine trials evaluating glucosamine-chondroitin formulations in osteoarthritis have found benefits for joint comfort and mobility.",{"_154":442,"_156":443},"What does glucosamine do for a dog's joints?","It's a naturally occurring amino sugar the body uses to build glycosaminoglycans, key structural components of cartilage and joint fluid, contributing to cartilage structure and cushioning.",{"_154":445,"_156":446,"_105":447},"Why is glucosamine paired with chondroitin rather than used alone?","Canine research has evaluated them together far more often than either alone, since they support different parts of cartilage structure. Move follows that same combination rather than relying on glucosamine in isolation.",{"_165":448,"_167":449},"Read more about chondroitin","/ingredients/chondroitin-for-dogs",{"_154":451,"_156":452},"Can dogs take glucosamine every day?","Yes, that's how it's studied. The canine trials behind glucosamine's joint-comfort evidence tested it as a daily supplement, consistent with how Move includes it in a daily chew.",{"_75":454,"_77":455,"_17":456,"_80":457,"_82":458,"_84":459,"_86":460,"_88":461,"_100":465,"_99":469,"_121":473,"_123":474,"_151":487},"glycine-for-dogs","glycine","Glycine","Aminoacetic acid","Supports normal metabolic and cellular function","Glycine is an amino acid dogs use for protein synthesis and glutathione production, the body's main antioxidant, and it backs cellular maintenance.","Daily maintenance",[462],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":463,"_82":458,"_97":464,"_86":460,"_99":-7},"150 mg","Glycine is a key amino acid involved in protein synthesis, antioxidant systems, and cellular metabolism. It contributes to the production of glutathione, one of the body’s primary antioxidants, and supports processes linked to cellular maintenance and metabolic balance. Its inclusion helps sustain core physiological functions associated with long-term vitality.",[466],{"_103":467,"_105":468},"Miller, R.A., Buehner, G., Chang, Y., Harper, J.M., Sigler, R. and Smith-Wheelock, M. (2019) ‘Glycine supplementation extends lifespan in mice’, Aging Cell, 18(3), e12953","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.12953",{"_114":470,"_116":471,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/glycine.png?v=1785548282","Heap of coarse translucent glycine crystals",1254,"Glycine is included as part of Essential's daily maintenance active ingredients.",{"_39":475,"_126":476,"_128":477},"Glycine for dogs: a small amino acid with an outsized antioxidant job","Glycine is one of the simplest amino acids, and dogs already produce and use it, but its role in building glutathione, the body's primary antioxidant, is why Essential includes it among its daily maintenance actives.",[478,483],{"_131":479,"_133":480},"Protein synthesis, plus a specific antioxidant job",[481,482],"Beyond its general use in protein synthesis, glycine's more specific contribution is supplying part of the raw material for glutathione, the antioxidant system cells rely on to manage everyday oxidative load. That gives it a role in cellular maintenance that's broader than most single amino acids.","A 2019 study found glycine supplementation extended lifespan in mice, a finding that doesn't translate directly to dogs but does add weight to the case for glycine's role in long-term cellular maintenance rather than treating it as a minor filler amino acid.",{"_131":484,"_133":485},"Why it sits in daily maintenance, not a targeted formula",[486],"Glycine's contribution touches protein synthesis and antioxidant capacity across the whole body, not one system, which is why it fits Essential's daily maintenance purpose rather than a joint or mood-specific formula.",[488,491,494,497,500],{"_154":489,"_156":490},"Is glycine safe for dogs?","Yes. Glycine is an amino acid dogs already use for protein synthesis and to produce glutathione, the body's main antioxidant, so supplementing it supports processes the body is already running rather than introducing something foreign.",{"_154":492,"_156":493},"What does glycine do for dogs?","It's a building block for protein synthesis and for glutathione, the body's primary antioxidant, and it supports cellular maintenance and metabolic balance. Glycine supplementation has also been linked to extended lifespan in mouse studies, part of the reasoning behind including it in Essential.",{"_154":495,"_156":496},"Can dogs have glycine?","Yes. It's a non-essential amino acid dogs already produce and use for protein synthesis and glutathione production, so supplementing it adds to a process the body runs on its own rather than introducing something new.",{"_154":498,"_156":499},"Is glycine good for dogs?","The clearest evidence is indirect: glycine supplementation extended lifespan in mouse studies, and its role in glutathione production, the body's main antioxidant, supports cellular maintenance more broadly. That's the basis for including it among Essential's daily maintenance ingredients.",{"_154":501,"_156":502,"_105":503},"Why is glycine included in a daily maintenance supplement rather than a joint or calming product?","Because its role is broader than either: glycine supports protein synthesis and glutathione production across the body, not one system, which fits Essential's daily maintenance purpose rather than a targeted joint or mood formula.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_75":505,"_77":506,"_17":507,"_80":508,"_82":509,"_84":510,"_86":511,"_88":512,"_100":519,"_99":526,"_121":529,"_123":530,"_151":553},"camellia-sinensis-for-dogs","camellia-sinensis","Green tea","Camellia sinensis","Supports calm behaviour and relaxed focus in dogs","Green tea (Camellia sinensis) provides L-theanine, studied in storm-sensitive dogs for calmer, non-sedating behaviour without dulling alertness.","Calming botanical",[513],{"_75":514,"_39":515,"_93":516,"_95":517,"_82":509,"_97":518,"_86":511,"_99":-7},"calm","Calm","Calming Care","125 mg","Camellia sinensis, also known as green tea, provides tea-derived bioactives, including the amino acid L-theanine, which is associated with calm, non-sedating relaxation. In dogs, L-theanine has been studied in storm-sensitive animals and was associated with lower owner-reported anxiety scores and a faster return to normal behaviour after stressful events. Its role in the formula is to support calm behaviour while helping dogs remain alert and responsive.",[520,523],{"_103":521,"_105":522},"Pike, A.L., Horwitz, D.F. and Lobprise, H. (2015) ‘An open-label prospective study of the use of L-theanine (Anxitane) in storm-sensitive client-owned dogs’, Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 10(4), pp. 324–331","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1558787815000568",{"_103":524,"_105":525},"Gruen, M.E., Roe, S.C., Griffith, E., Hamilton, A., Sherman, B.L. and Byosiere, S.E. (2023) ‘Therapy and prevention of noise fears in dogs — a review of the current evidence for practitioners’, Animals, 13(23), 3666","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10705068/",{"_114":527,"_116":117,"_118":197,"_120":528},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/FoglieThe.png?v=1766191356",2400,"Camellia sinensis is included as part of Calm's calming botanicals active ingredients.",{"_39":531,"_126":532,"_128":533},"How Camellia sinensis works for dogs","L-theanine changes how the nervous system responds to stress rather than dulling the dog generally, a distinction backed by a storm-sensitivity study and the reasoning behind pairing it with passionflower.",[534,539,544,548],{"_131":535,"_133":536},"What L-theanine actually does",[537,538],"L-theanine occurs naturally in tea leaves and has been studied for its effect on brain activity associated with a relaxed, alert state, the opposite of sedation. It doesn't slow a dog down; it seems to change how the nervous system responds to stress in the first place.","That distinction matters for a supplement aimed at behaviour. A sedative works by dulling the dog generally. L-theanine's research points to something narrower: less reactivity to a stressful trigger, without a change in how alert or responsive the dog is the rest of the time.",{"_131":540,"_133":541},"The evidence in dogs specifically",[542,543],"The clearest data comes from an open-label study of storm-sensitive dogs given an L-theanine supplement, where owners reported lower anxiety scores and a faster return to normal behaviour after a stressful event, such as a thunderstorm, had passed.","A broader 2023 review of treatments for noise-related fear in dogs placed L-theanine among the nutritional options with credible supporting evidence, alongside behavioural and pharmaceutical approaches. It is not presented there as a cure, but as one legitimate tool in a wider toolkit.",{"_131":545,"_133":546},"Why it is paired with passionflower in Calm",[547],"Camellia sinensis is one half of Calm's botanical pairing, alongside Passiflora incarnata. The two act on related but distinct pathways, which is the reasoning behind combining them rather than relying on either alone.",{"_131":549,"_133":550},"Why an extract, not tea leaves",[551,552],"A dog isn't drinking a cup of tea, and that's the point. Green tea leaves carry L-theanine and caffeine together in proportions that vary with the grade of leaf and how it's processed, which is a poor starting point for a chew meant to be given every day.","Broono uses a standardised Camellia sinensis extract instead, one processed specifically to concentrate the L-theanine and strip out most of the caffeine, then measured into the chew by weight. That gives a consistent, low-caffeine amount in every batch, rather than whatever ratio the raw leaf happens to contain.",[554,557,560,563,566],{"_154":555,"_156":556},"Does green tea in a dog chew mean caffeine?","Camellia sinensis naturally contains some caffeine alongside L-theanine. Broono uses a form that has very low caffeine content, included in a controlled way as part of a formulated chew rather than as loose tea or a strong extract. The ingredient is included specifically for its L-theanine content, not as a stimulant.",{"_154":558,"_156":559},"Will L-theanine make my dog sleepy?","No. The research on L-theanine describes a calm, alert state rather than sedation. Owners in the storm-sensitivity study reported lower anxiety, not drowsiness or a change in normal behaviour outside stressful moments.",{"_154":561,"_156":562},"Is the evidence for L-theanine in dogs strong?","There is a specific study in storm-sensitive dogs showing a measurable drop in owner-reported anxiety, and it is referenced in a wider review of noise-fear treatments as a credible nutritional option. It is a smaller body of evidence than for some other calming ingredients, which is why Camellia sinensis works alongside Passiflora incarnata and the amino acid and mineral cofactors in the rest of the formula, rather than carrying the effect on its own.",{"_154":564,"_156":565},"Is L-theanine safe for dogs?","The available research, including the storm-sensitivity study and the broader review of noise-fear treatments, describes L-theanine as well tolerated, without the drowsiness or change in personality some owners worry about with sedatives. As with any new ingredient, introduce it gradually and check with your vet if your dog takes other medication.",{"_154":567,"_156":568},"How much L-theanine should I give my dog?","There isn't a single figure that fits every dog, since body weight and the rest of the diet both play a part. Rather than measuring out a raw extract, Broono formulates L-theanine, via Camellia sinensis, into a chew sized to your dog's weight, following the feeding table on the product page.",{"_75":570,"_77":571,"_17":572,"_80":573,"_82":574,"_84":575,"_86":576,"_88":577,"_100":584,"_99":591,"_121":595,"_123":596,"_151":609},"inulin-for-dogs","inulin","Inulin","Fructooligosaccharides","Inulin is safe for dogs at the amount used in Essential, and it supports a healthy gut microbiome and digestive function","Inulin is a prebiotic fibre that feeds beneficial gut bacteria in dogs, shown to shift microbiota composition and back digestive and immune resilience.","Gut–immune baseline",[578,580],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":185,"_82":574,"_97":579,"_86":576,"_99":-7},"Inulin is safe for dogs at the amount used in a daily chew. It's a prebiotic fibre that selectively feeds beneficial gut bacteria, and in dogs it has been shown to influence gut microbiota composition, fermentation activity, and digestive parameters. These effects support gut balance, which plays a central role in immune function and overall physiological resilience.",{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":463,"_82":581,"_97":582,"_86":583,"_99":-7},"Inulin is safe for dogs at the right daily amount, feeding your dog's gut bacteria as a well-studied prebiotic fibre","Inulin is safe for dogs at the right daily amount, and Broono includes a calibrated amount per serving in Prebiotic. It's a prebiotic fibre that selectively feeds the beneficial bacteria already living in your dog's gut, helping produce short-chain fatty acids and support a more balanced microbiome. It's one of the better-studied prebiotic fibres for canine gut health. Dogs with a sensitive stomach should start with a lower amount and build up gradually, since any new fibre source can cause temporary gas or looser stool while the gut adjusts. In dogs, inulin-type fructans have been shown to influence faecal microbiota, increase short-chain fatty acid production, and support healthy fermentation patterns.","Gut microbiome feed",[585,588],{"_103":586,"_105":587},"Alexander, C., Cross, T.-W.L., Devendran, S., Neumer, F., Theis, S., Ridlon, J.M., Suchodolski, J.S., de Godoy, M.R.C. and Swanson, K.S. (2018) ‘Effects of prebiotic inulin-type fructans on blood metabolite and hormone concentrations and faecal microbiota and metabolites in overweight dogs’, British Journal of Nutrition, 120(6), pp. 711–720","https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effects-of-prebiotic-inulintype-fructans-on-blood-metabolite-and-hormone-concentrations-and-faecal-microbiota-and-metabolites-in-overweight-dogs/C758418771A67A9C91FAB79E49822EDC",{"_103":589,"_105":590},"Verlinden, A., Hesta, M., Hermans, J.M. and Janssens, G.P.J. (2006) ‘The effects of inulin supplementation of diets with or without hydrolysed protein sources on digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and immunoglobulins in dogs’, British Journal of Nutrition, 96(5), pp. 936–944","https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effects-of-inulin-supplementation-of-diets-with-or-without-hydrolysed-protein-sources-on-digestibility-faecal-characteristics-haematology-and-immunoglobulins-in-dogs/B9087A3C46530FBB00077F3F37A69EF4",{"_114":592,"_116":593,"_118":197,"_120":594},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Chicory-floracia.webp?v=1742718716","Chicory with root from which inulin is extracted",1912,"Inulin is included as part of Essential's gut–immune baseline active ingredients and Prebiotic's gut microbiome feed active ingredients.",{"_39":597,"_126":598,"_128":599},"Inulin for dogs: feeding the bacteria already living in the gut","Inulin doesn't add anything foreign to a dog's gut; it feeds the bacteria already there, which is why it appears in both Essential's gut-immune baseline and Prebiotic's microbiome-feed group.",[600,605],{"_131":601,"_133":602},"What a prebiotic fibre actually does",[603,604],"Inulin is a prebiotic fibre, meaning it selectively feeds beneficial gut bacteria rather than passing through as bulk. In dogs, inulin-type fructans have been shown to shift faecal microbiota composition and increase short-chain fatty acid production, the byproduct those bacteria generate when fed well. An earlier study on inulin supplementation in dogs found similar effects on digestibility and faecal characteristics.","That gut-level effect connects to more than digestion: a balanced microbiome plays a role in immune function and broader physiological resilience, which is why inulin sits in Essential's gut-immune group rather than a digestion-only category.",{"_131":606,"_133":607},"Starting slow with a new fibre",[608],"Any new fibre source can cause temporary gas or looser stool while a dog's gut adjusts, inulin included. Dogs with a sensitive stomach should start with the lower Essential amount and build up gradually rather than starting at a higher dose.",[610,613,617,620,623],{"_154":611,"_156":612},"Is inulin good for dogs?","Yes, at the right daily amount. It's a prebiotic fibre that feeds the beneficial bacteria already in a dog's gut, and canine studies have shown it shifts microbiota composition and boosts short-chain fatty acid production, both linked to digestive and immune resilience.",{"_154":614,"_156":615,"_105":616},"Can dogs have inulin?","Yes. Inulin is a well-studied prebiotic fibre for canine gut health, and it's safe for dogs at the right daily amount, such as the amount Broono includes per serving in Prebiotic.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":618,"_156":619},"Is inulin safe for dogs with a sensitive stomach?","It can be, but start with a lower amount and build up gradually. Any new fibre source, inulin included, can cause temporary gas or looser stool while a sensitive gut adjusts. If in doubt, check with your vet before introducing it.",{"_154":621,"_156":622},"What is inulin in dog food?","It's a prebiotic fibre, a type of fructooligosaccharide extracted from plants, added to feed the beneficial bacteria already living in a dog's gut. Broono uses it in Essential and Prebiotic specifically for that gut-microbiome role, not as a bulk filler fibre.",{"_154":624,"_156":625},"Is inulin bad for dogs?","Not at the amount used in a well-formulated supplement. Canine studies show inulin-type fructans shifting faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production in a positive direction; the main downside reported is temporary gas or looser stool in sensitive dogs during the first few days, which is why introducing it gradually matters.",{"_75":627,"_77":628,"_17":629,"_80":630,"_82":631,"_84":632,"_86":633,"_88":634,"_100":637,"_99":647,"_121":650,"_123":651,"_151":670},"l-tryptophan-for-dogs","l-tryptophan","L-Tryptophan","Tryptophan","Yes, L-tryptophan is a safe amino acid that supports the serotonin pathway linked to calmer mood and less anxiety-related behaviour in dogs","L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid and precursor to serotonin, studied in dogs for its link to steadier mood and lower anxiety-related behaviour.","Mood building block",[635],{"_75":514,"_39":515,"_93":516,"_95":185,"_82":631,"_97":636,"_86":633,"_99":-7},"L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and a nutritional precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, emotional regulation, and behavioural balance. In dogs, tryptophan has been studied in relation to anxiety-related behaviour and stress responses. Its role in the formula is to provide nutritional support for the serotonin pathway, helping support a steadier and more balanced mood.",[638,641,644],{"_103":639,"_105":640},"Bosch, G., Beerda, B., Beynen, A.C., van der Borg, J.A.M., van der Poel, A.F.B. and Hendriks, W.H. (2009) ‘Dietary tryptophan supplementation in privately owned mildly anxious dogs’, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 121(3–4), pp. 197–205","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159109002834",{"_103":642,"_105":643},"Sofyan, L.M. (2024) ‘In adult dogs is supplementary tryptophan in the diet effective in reducing signs of anxiety?’, Veterinary Evidence, 9(4), 686","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12710391/",{"_103":645,"_105":646},"Flint, H.E., Weller, J.E., Hunt, A.B.G. and King, T. (2025) ‘Treats containing cannabidiol, L-tryptophan and α-casozepine have a mild stress-reducing effect in dogs’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12, 1632868","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40800226/",{"_114":648,"_116":117,"_118":649,"_120":649},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/l-tryptophan-8bit.png?v=1768547978",717,"L-Tryptophan is included as part of Calm's mood building block active ingredients.",{"_39":652,"_126":653,"_128":654},"L-Tryptophan and serotonin support in dogs","Tryptophan is the raw material for serotonin, but the conversion needs vitamin B6 too, which is why the two appear together in Calm and why the dog studies on tryptophan point to a role alongside other ingredients rather than as a standalone fix.",[655,660,665],{"_131":656,"_133":657},"From food to serotonin",[658,659],"Tryptophan has to come from diet, and once it's available, the body converts it into serotonin through a pathway that also needs vitamin B6, which is why the two appear together in Calm rather than tryptophan working alone.","A body running low on tryptophan has less raw material for that conversion. Supplementing it is meant to make sure the pathway is not limited by supply.",{"_131":661,"_133":662},"What the studies in dogs found",[663,664],"A study of privately owned, mildly anxious dogs looked at dietary tryptophan supplementation specifically, and a more recent 2024 review asked directly whether supplementary tryptophan reduces signs of anxiety in adult dogs. A 2025 trial went a step further, testing treats combining tryptophan with cannabidiol and alpha-casozepine and finding a mild stress-reducing effect.","That last study combined tryptophan with other actives, so it doesn't isolate tryptophan's individual contribution. Taken together with the anxious-dogs study, though, it supports tryptophan's place as one part of a multi-ingredient approach to mood, rather than a single fix.",{"_131":666,"_133":667},"Does tryptophan make dogs drowsy",[668,669],"Tryptophan's reputation for drowsiness, the idea that turkey makes people sleepy, comes from its role as a building block for serotonin and, further down that pathway, melatonin. It's a reasonable question to ask about a dog chew.","In the dog studies, though, what gets reported at the amounts used isn't sedation. It's a steadier mood and less anxiety-related behaviour. Owners describe a calmer dog, not a drowsy one, which is why tryptophan sits alongside Calm's other non-sedating ingredients rather than functioning as a sleep aid.",[671,674,677,680,683],{"_154":672,"_156":673},"What does L-tryptophan do for a dog?","It's the amino acid the body converts into serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood and emotional regulation. Dogs cannot synthesise tryptophan themselves, so it has to come from what they eat.",{"_154":675,"_156":676},"Why is L-tryptophan paired with vitamin B6 in Calm?","Vitamin B6 is a required cofactor for converting tryptophan into serotonin. Including tryptophan without B6 would leave part of that conversion pathway unsupported, so the two are used together.",{"_154":678,"_156":679},"Is L-tryptophan proven to reduce anxiety in dogs?","Research specifically in mildly anxious, privately owned dogs has looked at dietary tryptophan supplementation, and a more recent review examined the question directly. The evidence supports a role for tryptophan as part of a broader nutritional approach, alongside magnesium, B6, and the calming botanicals in the rest of the formula.",{"_154":681,"_156":682},"Does tryptophan make dogs sleepy?","Not in the way a sedative would. Tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin, and indirectly to melatonin, which is where its reputation for drowsiness comes from. The dog research describes reduced anxiety-related behaviour and a steadier mood at the amounts studied, not sedation, which is why it's grouped with Calm's other non-drowsy ingredients.",{"_154":684,"_156":685},"Is L-tryptophan safe for dogs?","Yes. It's an essential amino acid, meaning dogs need to get it from their diet regardless of any supplement, and the studies in anxious dogs used supplemental amounts without reporting safety concerns. As with any supplement, check with your vet if your dog is on other medication, particularly anything affecting mood or the nervous system.",{"_75":687,"_77":688,"_17":689,"_80":690,"_82":691,"_84":692,"_86":297,"_88":693,"_100":697,"_99":707,"_121":711,"_123":712,"_151":725},"liquorice-root-for-dogs","liquorice-root","Liquorice root","Glycyrrhiza glabra","Supports digestive comfort and gut barrier integrity","Liquorice root's glycyrrhizin and flavonoids are studied for gut comfort and antioxidant activity, helping keep the digestive environment settled.",[694],{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":695,"_82":691,"_97":696,"_86":297,"_99":-7},"40 mg","Liquorice root contains bioactive compounds including glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids, and polyphenols. These compounds are studied for their role in gastrointestinal mucosal comfort, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory signalling pathways. Within the formula, liquorice root supports digestive ease and complements the fibre blend by helping maintain a comfortable gut environment.",[698,701,704],{"_103":699,"_105":700},"Dos Santos Leite, C., Bonafé, G.A., Carvalho Santos, J., Real Martinez, C.A., Marques Ortega, M. and Ribeiro, M.L. (2022) ‘The anti-inflammatory properties of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)-derived compounds in intestinal disorders’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(8), 4121","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9025446/",{"_103":702,"_105":703},"Richard, S.A. (2021) ‘A flavonoid rich standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and regulates the tight-junction proteins expression’, BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21, 305","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8822647/",{"_103":705,"_105":706},"Pastorino, G., Cornara, L., Soares, S., Rodrigues, F. and Oliveira, M.B.P.P. (2018) ‘Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): a phytochemical and pharmacological review’, Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), pp. 2323–2339","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7167772/",{"_114":708,"_116":709,"_118":197,"_120":710},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Liquorice-Root-Square.webp?v=1742721704","Liquorice root sticks",932,"Liquorice root is included as part of Prebiotic's digestive comfort active ingredients.",{"_39":713,"_126":714,"_128":715},"Liquorice root for dogs: supporting the gut lining itself","Where fibre feeds the bacteria in the gut, liquorice root works on the lining itself, which is why Prebiotic pairs it with the fibre blend rather than treating it as a substitute for one.",[716,721],{"_131":717,"_133":718},"What liquorice root contributes to gut comfort",[719,720],"Liquorice root's bioactive compounds, including glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids and polyphenols, are studied for gastrointestinal mucosal comfort, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory signalling. A review of licorice-derived compounds in intestinal disorders and a separate study on gut barrier function both point to a role supporting the gut lining directly, including tight-junction protein expression, the seals between cells that keep the barrier intact.","A broader phytochemical and pharmacological review of Glycyrrhiza glabra covers the plant's compound profile in more depth, situating liquorice root's gut role within its wider, long-studied use.",{"_131":722,"_133":723},"Why the amount stays modest",[724],"Liquorice compounds can affect blood pressure and potassium levels at higher amounts, which is why Prebiotic uses a small, calibrated amount rather than a concentrated extract. Check with your vet before giving it if your dog has a heart or kidney condition or is on other medication.",[726,730,733,736,739],{"_154":727,"_156":728,"_105":729},"Is liquorice root safe for dogs?","At the small amount used in a daily supplement, yes. Broono includes a modest, calibrated amount as part of Prebiotic's digestive comfort blend rather than a concentrated extract.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":731,"_156":732},"Is liquorice root good for dogs' digestion?","The research points that way. Liquorice-derived compounds have been studied for gastrointestinal mucosal comfort and gut barrier integrity, including tight-junction protein support, which is the reasoning behind including it in Prebiotic's digestive comfort ingredients.",{"_154":734,"_156":735},"What does liquorice root do for a dog's gut?","It supplies bioactive compounds including glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids and polyphenols, studied for their role in gastrointestinal mucosal comfort, antioxidant activity and inflammatory signalling.",{"_154":737,"_156":738},"Are there risks to giving dogs liquorice root regularly?","At the modest amount used in a supplement, it's generally well tolerated, but liquorice compounds can affect blood pressure and potassium levels at higher amounts, so check with your vet before giving it if your dog has a heart or kidney condition or is on other medication.",{"_154":740,"_156":741},"Why is liquorice root paired with the rest of Prebiotic's fibre blend?","Liquorice root supports the gut lining itself, while the fibre blend feeds the bacteria living in it. Combining the two is meant to support digestive comfort from more than one angle rather than relying on fibre alone.",{"_75":743,"_77":744,"_17":745,"_80":746,"_82":747,"_84":748,"_86":749,"_88":750,"_100":754,"_99":761,"_121":764,"_123":765,"_151":784},"magnesium-for-dogs","magnesium","Magnesium glycinate","Magnesium chelate (glycine)","Supports nervous-system balance and relaxation","Magnesium glycinate pairs magnesium with glycine for gentle absorption, backing normal nervous-system function and a calmer state in dogs.","Nervous system cofactor",[751],{"_75":514,"_39":515,"_93":516,"_95":752,"_82":747,"_97":753,"_86":749,"_99":-7},"50 mg","Magnesium for dogs comes in several forms, and the one that matters most is magnesium glycinate, which is why that's what we use in Broono. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in neuromuscular function, neurotransmission, and the regulation of stress-related physiology. Magnesium glycinate is gentle and well-tolerated, pairing magnesium with glycine, an amino acid involved in inhibitory nervous-system signalling. Within the formula, magnesium glycinate supports normal nervous-system function and helps maintain a relaxed physiological state.",[755,758],{"_103":756,"_105":757},"Pouteau, E., Kabir-Ahmadi, M., Noah, L., Mazur, A., Dye, L., Hellhammer, J., Pickering, G. and Dubray, C. (2018) ‘Superiority of magnesium and vitamin B6 over magnesium alone on severe stress in healthy adults with low magnesemia: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial’, PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0208454","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0208454",{"_103":759,"_105":760},"Noah, L., Dye, L., Bois De Fer, B., Mazur, A., Pickering, G. and Pouteau, E. (2021) ‘Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial’, Stress and Health, 37(5), pp. 1000–1009","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9292249/",{"_114":762,"_116":117,"_118":197,"_120":763},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/magnesium-8bit.png?v=1768543885",1024,"Magnesium glycinate is included as part of Calm's nervous system cofactors active ingredients.",{"_39":766,"_126":767,"_128":768},"Magnesium glycinate for dogs, and why the form matters","Not every form of magnesium suits a daily chew: glycinate is gentle and well absorbed where other forms cause digestive upset, which is why it's one of the Calm nervous-system cofactors, paired with vitamin B6 after studies found that combination beat magnesium on its own for stress outcomes.",[769,774,778],{"_131":770,"_133":771},"Not all magnesium is the same",[772,773],"\"Magnesium\" on a label can mean several different compounds, and the form matters more than people expect. Citrate, for instance, is absorbed quickly and has a laxative effect at higher amounts, which is exactly why it's sold as a human constipation remedy.","Glycinate is a different pairing: magnesium bound to glycine, an amino acid involved in inhibitory nervous-system signalling. It's absorbed well without the digestive side effects that come with citrate, which is why Broono chose it for a daily chew rather than a form meant for occasional, fast-acting use.",{"_131":775,"_133":776},"What it contributes to a calm baseline",[777],"This mineral plays a role in neurotransmission and in regulating the physiology behind stress responses. Two clinical studies in stressed adults found that magnesium combined with vitamin B6 outperformed magnesium on its own for measures of severe stress, mental health, and quality of life, which is the reasoning behind pairing glycinate with B6 in Calm rather than using it alone.",{"_131":779,"_133":780},"Why not just give a human magnesium tablet",[781,782,783],"Supplementing this mineral is well tolerated in most healthy dogs. The complication is that a tablet from the pharmacy shelf is built around a person's body weight and, often, a form chosen for reasons that have nothing to do with a dog: citrate for fast absorption, oxide because it's cheap to manufacture.","Splitting a human tablet means guessing at both the amount and the form at once. A chew formulated for dogs fixes both: a specific amount of a specific form, glycinate, sized for the dog eating it.","For a closer look at how the different forms stack up, read our full article on choosing the right form of magnesium for relaxation in dogs.",[785,788,794,797,800,803,806],{"_154":786,"_156":787},"Why does Broono use magnesium glycinate instead of another form?","Glycinate is gentle and well absorbed, without the laxative effect that comes with magnesium citrate at higher amounts. For a chew given every day, that gentleness matters more than the fast absorption citrate is known for.",{"_154":789,"_156":790,"_105":791},"What does magnesium do for calm behaviour?","Magnesium is involved in neuromuscular function, neurotransmission, and the physiology behind the body's stress response. Research pairing it with vitamin B6 found better outcomes on measures of stress and mental wellbeing than magnesium used alone, which is why the two are combined in Calm.",{"_165":792,"_167":793},"Read more about Calm","/products/calm",{"_154":795,"_156":796},"Could magnesium glycinate upset my dog's stomach?","It's chosen specifically because it tends not to. Unlike magnesium citrate, which can have a laxative effect, glycinate is a well-tolerated form. As with introducing any new ingredient, watch how your dog responds initially, and speak to your vet if you have concerns.",{"_154":798,"_156":799},"Is magnesium good for dogs?","Yes, when it's the right form and amount. Magnesium is involved in neuromuscular function, neurotransmission and stress physiology, but the form matters: Broono uses glycinate rather than citrate or oxide because it's gentle and well absorbed without a laxative effect.",{"_154":801,"_156":802},"Is magnesium safe for dogs in general?","Yes, in most healthy dogs. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in normal nervous-system and muscle function, and supplementing it is generally well tolerated. Where problems tend to show up is the form and the amount, not magnesium itself, which is why Broono uses a specific, tested form rather than leaving it to guesswork.",{"_154":804,"_156":805},"Is magnesium citrate safe for dogs, or should I look for glycinate specifically?","Citrate isn't unsafe, but at higher amounts it has a laxative effect, which is exactly why it's sold to people as a constipation remedy. That's a fine trait for occasional use and an unwanted one in a chew meant to be given every day. Glycinate is absorbed just as well without that side effect, which is why Broono chose it over citrate.",{"_154":807,"_156":808},"Can I just give my dog a human magnesium supplement instead?","It's better not to. Human tablets are sized for a person's body weight and often use a form, like citrate or oxide, picked for reasons that don't apply to dogs. A supplement built for dogs accounts for the form and the amount together, rather than asking you to guess at a fraction of a human tablet.",{"_75":810,"_77":811,"_17":812,"_80":813,"_82":814,"_84":815,"_86":242,"_88":816,"_100":820,"_99":824,"_121":827,"_123":828,"_151":836},"manganese-for-dogs","manganese","Manganese","Manganese sulfate","Supports normal metabolism and skeletal development in dogs","Manganese is a cofactor in the enzyme systems dogs use for metabolism, antioxidant activity, and normal bone formation and skeletal development.",[817],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":818,"_82":814,"_97":819,"_86":242,"_99":-7},"3 mg","Manganese is involved in enzyme systems that regulate metabolism, antioxidant activity, and bone formation. It contributes to the normal development and maintenance of skeletal structures and supports overall metabolic function.",[821],{"_103":822,"_105":823},"National Research Council (2006) Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats, National Academies Press","https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10668/nutrient-requirements-of-dogs-and-cats",{"_114":825,"_116":826,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/manganese.png?v=1785548268","Lump of raw manganese metal with dark grey fractured surfaces","Manganese is included as part of Essential's antioxidant defence active ingredients.",{"_39":829,"_126":830,"_128":831},"Manganese for dogs: a small mineral tied to bones and antioxidant enzymes","Manganese covers less obvious ground than most trace minerals, sitting at the intersection of metabolism, antioxidant activity and skeletal development, which is why Essential groups it with the antioxidant defence actives.",[832],{"_131":833,"_133":834},"Metabolism, antioxidant activity, and bone, together",[835],"Manganese is a cofactor in enzyme systems spanning metabolic regulation, antioxidant activity and bone formation, an established requirement set out in the National Research Council's Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. That combination is part of why it sits in the antioxidant defence group in Essential rather than a standalone mineral blend, alongside its role in normal skeletal development and maintenance.",[837,841,844,847,850],{"_154":838,"_156":839,"_105":840},"Is manganese safe for dogs?","Yes, at typical supplement amounts. Manganese is an essential trace mineral with an established requirement in canine nutrition, set out in the National Research Council's Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":842,"_156":843},"What does manganese do for dogs?","It's involved in enzyme systems that regulate metabolism, antioxidant activity and bone formation, contributing to the normal development and maintenance of skeletal structures.",{"_154":845,"_156":846},"Does manganese support a dog's bones and joints?","It plays a role in bone formation specifically, as one of several enzyme cofactors involved in skeletal development, which is why Broono includes it as part of Essential's broader antioxidant and metabolic support rather than a joint-only formula.",{"_154":848,"_156":849},"Can a dog have too much manganese?","It's unlikely at the measured amount used in a daily supplement. Broono includes a set baseline amount per serving in Essential rather than an open-ended amount.",{"_154":851,"_156":852},"Why is manganese grouped with antioxidant ingredients in Essential?","Because one of its roles is as a cofactor in antioxidant enzyme systems, alongside its metabolic and skeletal functions, which is why it sits in Essential's antioxidant defence group rather than a standalone mineral blend.",{"_75":854,"_77":855,"_17":856,"_80":857,"_82":858,"_84":859,"_86":460,"_88":860,"_100":867,"_99":877,"_121":881,"_123":882,"_151":895},"msm-for-dogs","msm","MSM","Methylsulfonylmethane","Supports structural integrity and normal cellular maintenance","MSM supplies bioavailable sulfur, an element dogs need to build and maintain proteins, enzymes and connective tissue, the basis of structural integrity.",[861,864],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":862,"_82":858,"_97":863,"_86":460,"_99":-7},"120 mg","MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) is a bioavailable source of sulfur, an essential element for the structure of proteins, enzymes, and connective tissues. It contributes to the synthesis and maintenance of key structural components in the body and supports cellular integrity and metabolic processes. Its role within the formula is to help maintain the body’s structural and biochemical balance.",{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":463,"_82":865,"_97":866,"_86":182,"_99":-7},"Supports body maintenance, connective tissue integrity, and normal recovery processes","MSM is an organic sulfur compound that contributes sulfur to biological systems involved in structural proteins, connective tissue, and cellular maintenance. In mobility formulas, MSM supports the broader maintenance of tissues that help the body move well, including muscles, connective tissues, and antioxidant systems. Its role in Move is to support whole-body maintenance around active movement, rather than being positioned narrowly as a joint-only ingredient.",[868,871,874],{"_103":869,"_105":870},"Moreau, M., Troncy, E., del Castillo, J.R.E., Bedard, C., Gauvin, D., Lussier, B. and Moreau, M. (2022) ‘Nutraceuticals in the clinical management of osteoarthritis in dogs and cats: a systematic review’, BMC Veterinary Research, 18, 68","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36142319/",{"_103":872,"_105":873},"Butawan, M., Benjamin, R.L. and Bloomer, R.J. (2017) ‘Methylsulfonylmethane: applications and safety of a novel dietary supplement’, Nutrients, 9(3), 290","https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/3/290",{"_103":875,"_105":876},"Withee, E.D., Tippens, K.M., Dehen, R., Tibbitts, D., Hanes, D. and Zwickey, H. (2017) ‘Effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and pain following a half-marathon: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial’, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 24","https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-017-0181-z",{"_114":878,"_116":879,"_118":880,"_120":880},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/MSM-Square.jpg?v=1742718934","MSM crystals on a wooden spoon",420,"MSM is included as part of Essential's daily maintenance active ingredients and Move's hip & Joint support active ingredients.",{"_39":883,"_126":884,"_128":885},"MSM for dogs: an organic sulfur source, not a joint ingredient on its own","MSM's job is supplying sulfur, the raw material for structural proteins and connective tissue, which is why it appears in both Essential's general maintenance group and Move's joint-support blend, playing a different role in each.",[886,891],{"_131":887,"_133":888},"What sulfur has to do with joints",[889,890],"MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) is a bioavailable source of sulfur, an element proteins, enzymes and connective tissue all depend on. A systematic review of nutraceuticals in canine and feline osteoarthritis management covers MSM's place in structural and joint maintenance, alongside its broader role in cellular integrity.","In Move, MSM isn't positioned as a joint ingredient on its own; it supports the wider maintenance of tissues involved in movement, muscles and connective tissue alongside antioxidant systems, working alongside glucosamine and chondroitin rather than duplicating what they do.",{"_131":892,"_133":893},"Not the same job as glucosamine or chondroitin",[894],"MSM, glucosamine and chondroitin are often assumed to overlap because they all show up in joint formulas, but they act on different parts of the same problem: MSM supplies structural sulfur, glucosamine supplies cartilage-building material, and chondroitin manages hydration and cushioning. Move includes all three because none substitutes for the others.",[896,899,902,906,909],{"_154":897,"_156":898},"What is MSM?","MSM, or methylsulfonylmethane, is an organic sulfur compound. Sulfur is needed to build and maintain proteins, enzymes and connective tissue, and MSM has been reviewed as a nutraceutical used in canine osteoarthritis management for its role in structural and joint maintenance.",{"_154":900,"_156":901},"Is MSM safe for dogs?","Yes. MSM is a well-studied dietary supplement ingredient in both human and animal use. Broono includes it in Essential for general structural maintenance and in Move alongside boswellia, turmeric, ginger, glucosamine and chondroitin for joint support.",{"_154":903,"_156":904,"_105":905},"What does MSM do for a dog's joints?","It supplies sulfur used to maintain connective tissue, and in mobility formulas it supports the broader tissue maintenance involved in comfortable movement, which is why Move includes it alongside boswellia, turmeric, ginger, glucosamine and chondroitin rather than as a joint-only ingredient on its own.",{"_165":218,"_167":219},{"_154":907,"_156":908},"Is MSM the same as glucosamine?","No. They're different compounds studied for related but distinct roles: MSM supplies sulfur for structural proteins and connective tissue, while glucosamine is a building block of cartilage matrix. Move includes both because they act on different parts of joint maintenance rather than duplicating each other.",{"_154":910,"_156":911},"Does MSM have side effects in dogs?","At supplement amounts, MSM is generally well tolerated. The trial behind its safety profile, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study around exercise-induced oxidative stress, reported no notable adverse effects. As with any new ingredient, introduce it gradually and watch for digestive changes.",{"_75":913,"_77":914,"_17":915,"_80":916,"_82":917,"_84":918,"_86":511,"_88":919,"_100":922,"_99":929,"_121":932,"_123":933,"_151":946},"passiflora-incarnata-for-dogs","passiflora-incarnata","Passionflower","Passiflora incarnata","Supports relaxation and emotional balance","Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a calming botanical studied for its role in stress response and restlessness, pairing with green tea in Calm.",[920],{"_75":514,"_39":515,"_93":516,"_95":752,"_82":917,"_97":921,"_86":511,"_99":-7},"Passiflora incarnata, also known as passionflower, is a calming botanical traditionally used to support relaxation and nervous-system balance. Its bioactive compounds are studied for their interaction with pathways involved in stress response, restlessness, and emotional regulation. Within the formula, Passiflora supports a calmer behavioural state and complements Camellia sinensis as part of the botanical calming system.",[923,926],{"_103":924,"_105":925},"Janda, K., Wojtkowska, K., Jakubczyk, K., Antoniewicz, J. and Skonieczna-Żydecka, K. (2020) ‘Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric disorders — a systematic review’, Nutrients, 12(12), 3894","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7766837/",{"_103":927,"_105":928},"Dhawan, K., Kumar, S. and Sharma, A. (2001) ‘Anti-anxiety studies on extracts of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 78(2–3), pp. 165–170","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11694362/",{"_114":930,"_116":931,"_118":197,"_120":256},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/passiflora-incarnata-flower.png?v=1782230342","Close-up of a passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) bloom","Passiflora incarnata is included as part of Calm's calming botanicals active ingredients.",{"_39":934,"_126":935,"_128":936},"Passiflora incarnata (passionflower) for calm behaviour in dogs","Passionflower's traditional use for relaxation now has mechanism research behind it, and it acts on a different pathway than Camellia sinensis, which is why the two are combined rather than used alone.",[937,942],{"_131":938,"_133":939},"A long history, now backed by mechanism research",[940,941],"Passionflower has been used traditionally for relaxation for a long time, well before there was any research explaining why it might work. More recent studies have looked at its interaction with nervous-system pathways involved in stress response and restlessness, giving that traditional use a plausible biological basis.","A 2020 systematic review of Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric contexts summarised this evidence, and an earlier controlled study specifically measured anti-anxiety effects from Passiflora extracts.",{"_131":943,"_133":944},"Why it sits next to green tea in the formula",[945],"Passionflower and Camellia sinensis's L-theanine are thought to act on related but not identical mechanisms, both connected to calm behaviour and nervous-system balance. Combining the two in Calm is a deliberate attempt to support a calmer baseline from more than one direction, rather than depending on a single compound to do all the work.",[947,950,956,959,962],{"_154":948,"_156":949},"Is passionflower safe for dogs?","Passionflower has a long history of traditional use for relaxation and is one of the botanicals studied for calming effects that Broono has selected for Calm. As with any ingredient given alongside prescription medication, particularly anything affecting the nervous system, check with your vet first.",{"_154":951,"_156":952,"_105":953},"How is passionflower different from green tea in this formula?","They work through related but separate pathways. Camellia sinensis contributes L-theanine, studied mainly for its effect on nervous-system arousal and reactivity. Passionflower's compounds are studied for their interaction with pathways tied to restlessness and stress response more broadly. Using both is meant to cover more ground than either alone.",{"_165":954,"_167":955},"Read more about green tea (L-theanine)","/ingredients/camellia-sinensis-for-dogs",{"_154":957,"_156":958},"Is passionflower a sedative?","The research on Passiflora describes anti-anxiety and relaxation effects, not sedation. It's grouped with the other non-drowsy calming ingredients in the formula rather than functioning as a sleep aid.",{"_154":960,"_156":961},"What does passionflower do for dogs?","It's a calming botanical studied for its interaction with pathways involved in stress response and restlessness. In Calm it works alongside Camellia sinensis's L-theanine, targeting a related but separate mechanism rather than duplicating it.",{"_154":963,"_156":964},"How much passionflower can I give my dog?","There isn't a universal amount that fits every dog, since body weight is part of the calculation. Rather than measuring loose extract, Broono formulates passionflower into a chew sized to your dog's weight, following the feeding table on the product page.",{"_75":966,"_77":967,"_17":968,"_80":969,"_82":970,"_84":971,"_86":972,"_88":973,"_100":977,"_99":981,"_121":983,"_123":984,"_151":993},"piperine-for-dogs","piperine","Piperine","Black pepper extract","Yes, piperine helps dogs absorb far more curcumin from turmeric, working alongside it in Move rather than as a standalone ingredient","Piperine, from black pepper, helps dogs absorb far more curcumin from turmeric. A 1998 study found it boosts curcumin bioavailability roughly twentyfold.","Bioavailability booster",[974],{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":975,"_82":970,"_97":976,"_86":972,"_99":-7},"5 mg","Piperine, the compound in black pepper also sold as bioperine, is in Move for one job: it helps your dog's body absorb more of the curcumin in turmeric. On its own, curcumin is poorly absorbed; a 1998 study (Shoba et al.) found that pairing it with piperine increased bioavailability roughly twentyfold. Broono includes piperine at a small, precisely calibrated amount per serving, matched to that absorption role rather than as a standalone active. If you're wondering whether piperine matters, it's the difference between the turmeric in a formula doing something and mostly passing through.",[978],{"_103":979,"_105":980},"Shoba, G., Joy, D., Joseph, T., Majeed, M., Rajendran, R. and Srinivas, P.S.S.R. (1998) ‘Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers’, Planta Medica, 64(4), pp. 353–356","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/",{"_114":982,"_116":117,"_118":197,"_120":256},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Pepe.png?v=1766191189","Piperine is included as part of Move's bioavailability booster active ingredients.",{"_39":985,"_126":986,"_128":987},"Piperine for dogs: making sure the turmeric in Move actually gets absorbed","Piperine isn't in Move for its own effect; it's there so the turmeric in the same formula doesn't mostly pass through unused.",[988],{"_131":989,"_133":990},"Why curcumin needs help getting absorbed",[991,992],"Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, is poorly absorbed on its own. A landmark 1998 study found that pairing it with piperine, the compound in black pepper also sold as bioperine, increased curcumin bioavailability roughly twentyfold in both animal and human volunteers.","That's the entire reason piperine is in the formula: not as an independent active, but as an absorption booster calibrated specifically to turmeric's dose in Move. Without it, much of that turmeric's potential benefit would be wasted.",[994,997,1000,1003,1007],{"_154":995,"_156":996},"What does piperine do for dogs?","It helps the body absorb more curcumin from turmeric. On its own, curcumin is poorly absorbed; a landmark 1998 study found pairing it with piperine increased bioavailability roughly twentyfold, which is why Move includes both together rather than turmeric alone.",{"_154":998,"_156":999},"Is piperine (bioperine) safe for dogs?","At the small amount used specifically for its absorption-boosting role, yes. Piperine isn't included as a standalone active in Move, it's there to make sure the turmeric in the formula is actually absorbed rather than mostly passing through.",{"_154":1001,"_156":1002},"Can dogs have bioperine?","Yes. Bioperine is a branded form of piperine, the black pepper compound Broono includes in Move to boost curcumin absorption from turmeric.",{"_154":1004,"_156":1005,"_105":1006},"Why does turmeric need piperine to work?","Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, is poorly absorbed on its own. The 1998 study behind piperine's use found it increased curcumin bioavailability roughly twentyfold in both animal and human studies, which is the reasoning for pairing the two in Move.",{"_165":166,"_167":168},{"_154":1008,"_156":1009},"Is piperine used in Move on its own, or only with turmeric?","Only alongside turmeric. Piperine's role is specifically to boost curcumin absorption from turmeric, so it isn't included in isolation or used for its own independent effect.",{"_75":1011,"_77":1012,"_17":1013,"_80":1014,"_82":1015,"_84":1016,"_86":583,"_88":1017,"_100":1020,"_99":1027,"_121":1030,"_123":1031,"_151":1040},"psyllium-husk-for-dogs","psyllium-husk","Psyllium husk","Plantago ovata","Supports stool consistency and healthy bowel rhythm in dogs","Psyllium husk is a soluble fibre that forms a gel in the gut, studied in dogs for its effect on stool form, bowel rhythm and digestive comfort.",[1018],{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":185,"_82":1015,"_97":1019,"_86":583,"_99":-7},"Psyllium husk is a soluble fibre that absorbs water and forms a gel-like matrix in the digestive tract. This helps support stool form, normal bowel rhythm, and digestive comfort. In dogs, psyllium supplementation has been studied in large-bowel digestive patterns, supporting its role as a practical fibre for maintaining healthy stool quality.",[1021,1024],{"_103":1022,"_105":1023},"Alves, J.C., Santos, A., Jorge, P., Lavrador, C., Carreira, L.M. and Pitães, A. (2021) ‘The use of soluble fibre for the management of chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhoea in police working dogs’, BMC Veterinary Research, 17, 84","https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-021-02809-w",{"_103":1025,"_105":1026},"Bresciani, F., Minamoto, Y., Suchodolski, J.S., Galiazzo, G., Vecchiato, C.G., Pinna, C., Biagi, G. and Pietra, M. (2024) ‘Microbiota of healthy dogs demonstrate a significant decrease in richness and changes in specific bacterial groups in response to supplementation with resistant starch, but not psyllium or methylcellulose, in a randomized cross-over trial’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11, 1387244","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11165627/",{"_114":1028,"_116":1013,"_118":197,"_120":1029},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Psyllium-Husk-Square.jpg?v=1742719324",1080,"Psyllium husk is included as part of Prebiotic's gut microbiome feed active ingredients.",{"_39":1032,"_126":1033,"_128":1034},"Psyllium husk for dogs: shaping stool, not feeding gut bacteria","Psyllium and inulin both count as fibre, but they do different jobs in Prebiotic: psyllium shapes stool, inulin feeds the bacteria that shape the gut itself.",[1035],{"_131":1036,"_133":1037},"A gel-forming fibre, not a microbiome fibre",[1038,1039],"Psyllium husk is a soluble fibre that absorbs water and forms a gel-like matrix in the digestive tract, supporting stool form, normal bowel rhythm and digestive comfort. A study in police working dogs with chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhoea found soluble fibre supplementation helped manage the condition, supporting psyllium's role for stool quality specifically.","A randomised cross-over trial comparing fibre types found psyllium didn't significantly shift gut microbiota richness the way resistant starch did. That's exactly why Prebiotic combines it with inulin, a fibre shown to influence microbiota composition more directly, rather than relying on psyllium alone for that effect.",[1041,1045,1048,1051,1057],{"_154":1042,"_156":1043,"_105":1044},"Is psyllium husk safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily fibre blend. Psyllium is a soluble fibre studied in dogs for its effect on stool form and bowel rhythm, including in working police dogs with chronic large-bowel diarrhoea.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":1046,"_156":1047},"Is psyllium husk good for a dog's digestion?","The research supports it for stool quality specifically. A study on police working dogs found soluble fibre supplementation helped manage chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhoea, and psyllium is one of the fibres studied for that effect.",{"_154":1049,"_156":1050},"What does psyllium husk do for dogs?","It's a soluble fibre that absorbs water and forms a gel-like matrix in the digestive tract, supporting stool form, normal bowel rhythm and digestive comfort.",{"_154":1052,"_156":1053,"_105":1054},"Does psyllium husk change a dog's gut bacteria?","A randomised cross-over trial comparing fibre types found psyllium didn't significantly shift gut microbiota richness the way resistant starch did, which is why Prebiotic combines it with inulin, a fibre shown to influence microbiota composition more directly, rather than relying on psyllium alone for that effect.",{"_165":1055,"_167":1056},"Read more about inulin","/ingredients/inulin-for-dogs",{"_154":1058,"_156":1059},"Can dogs have psyllium husk every day?","Yes, that's how it's included in Prebiotic: a set amount per serving as part of the daily fibre blend, alongside inulin and pumpkin.",{"_75":1061,"_77":1062,"_17":1063,"_80":1064,"_82":1065,"_84":1066,"_86":583,"_88":1067,"_100":1070,"_99":1077,"_121":1079,"_123":1080,"_151":1093},"pumpkin-for-dogs","pumpkin","Pumpkin","Cucurbita pepo","Supports stool quality and everyday digestive balance","Pumpkin's natural fibre helps shape stool structure and digestive regularity in dogs, working alongside inulin and psyllium in Prebiotic's fibre blend.",[1068],{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":517,"_82":1065,"_97":1069,"_86":583,"_99":-7},"Pumpkin is a naturally fibre-rich ingredient that contributes to stool structure and digestive regularity. In canine nutrition, fibre blends containing dried pumpkin have been used to support stool consistency, gut microbial metabolism, and digestive comfort. Within the formula, pumpkin complements inulin and psyllium by helping create a fibre matrix that supports a stable gut environment.",[1071,1074],{"_103":1072,"_105":1073},"Fritsch, D.A., Wernimont, S.M., Jackson, M.I., MacLeay, J.M. and Gross, K.L. (2022) ‘A prospective multicenter study of the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea’, BMC Veterinary Research, 18, 244","https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-022-03302-8",{"_103":1075,"_105":1076},"Fritsch, D.A., Jackson, M.I., Wernimont, S.M., Feld, G.K., MacLeay, J.M., Brejda, J.J., Cochrane, C.-Y. and Gross, K.L. (2022) ‘Microbiome function underpins the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea’, BMC Veterinary Research, 18, 245","https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3",{"_114":1078,"_116":117,"_118":197,"_120":528},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Zucca2.png?v=1766145786","Pumpkin is included as part of Prebiotic's gut microbiome feed active ingredients.",{"_39":1081,"_126":1082,"_128":1083},"Pumpkin for dogs: the familiar fibre, formulated rather than scooped from a can","Pumpkin's reputation as a dog digestive remedy is well founded, but Prebiotic uses a measured, standardised amount alongside inulin and psyllium husk, rather than plain canned pumpkin.",[1084,1089],{"_131":1085,"_133":1086},"What the research on pumpkin fibre found",[1087,1088],"A multicenter study found a fibre-supplemented dietary intervention, including dried pumpkin, helped dogs with chronic large-bowel diarrhoea, and a companion study traced the effect specifically to changes in gut microbiome function rather than fibre bulk alone.","Within the formula, pumpkin complements inulin and psyllium husk by contributing to a fibre matrix that supports a stable gut environment, rather than doing the job any single fibre could do alone.",{"_131":1090,"_133":1091},"Why not just use canned pumpkin",[1092],"It's the same plant, but a can varies from batch to batch, and the amount that's helpful for one dog can be too much or too little for another. Broono uses a fixed, standardised amount as part of a formulated fibre blend, so the amount stays consistent rather than depending on which can happened to be open.",[1094,1098,1104,1107,1110],{"_154":1095,"_156":1096,"_105":1097},"Is pumpkin good for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a fibre blend. A multicenter study found a fibre-supplemented dietary intervention, including dried pumpkin, helped dogs with chronic large-bowel diarrhoea, and a companion study linked the effect to changes in gut microbiome function.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":1099,"_156":1100,"_105":1101},"Can dogs eat pumpkin every day?","Yes, that's how it's included in Prebiotic: a set amount per serving as part of the daily fibre blend, alongside inulin and psyllium husk.",{"_165":1102,"_167":1103},"Read more about psyllium husk","/ingredients/psyllium-husk-for-dogs",{"_154":1105,"_156":1106},"What does pumpkin do for a dog's digestion?","It's a naturally fibre-rich ingredient that contributes to stool structure and digestive regularity, complementing inulin and psyllium by helping build a fibre matrix that supports a stable gut environment.",{"_154":1108,"_156":1109},"Is pumpkin the same as the fibre in canned pumpkin for dogs?","It's the same plant, but Broono uses a measured, standardised amount as part of a formulated fibre blend rather than plain canned pumpkin, so the amount and consistency are fixed rather than varying can to can.",{"_154":1111,"_156":1112},"Does pumpkin help with diarrhoea in dogs?","In combination with other fibres, the research supports it. A prospective multicenter study found a fibre-supplemented intervention effective for chronic large-bowel diarrhoea in dogs, with a companion study tracing the effect to changes in gut microbiome function rather than fibre bulk alone.",{"_75":1114,"_77":1115,"_17":1116,"_80":1117,"_82":1118,"_84":1119,"_86":242,"_88":1120,"_100":1124,"_99":1128,"_121":1131,"_123":1132,"_151":1141},"selenium-for-dogs","selenium","Selenium","Selenomethionine","Supports antioxidant protection and healthy immune function in dogs","Selenium powers antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, helping protect a dog's cells from oxidative stress and keeping immune defences resilient.",[1121],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1122,"_82":1118,"_97":1123,"_86":242,"_99":-7},"20 μg","Selenium is a key component of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. It contributes to protecting cells from oxidative stress and supports normal immune responses, helping maintain resilience at a cellular level.",[1125],{"_103":1126,"_105":1127},"Shao, C., Zheng, M., Yu, Z., Jiang, S., Zhou, B., Song, Q., Ma, T., Zhou, Y., Dong, W., Li, D., Gu, Y., Wang, X. and Song, H. (2021) ‘Supplemental dietary selenohomolanthionine improves antioxidant activity and immune function in weaned Beagle puppies’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 728358","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.728358/full",{"_114":1129,"_116":1130,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/selenium.png?v=1785548275","Piece of black vitreous selenium with glassy conchoidal fracture faces","Selenium is included as part of Essential's antioxidant defence active ingredients.",{"_39":1133,"_126":1134,"_128":1135},"Selenium for dogs: powering one specific antioxidant enzyme","Selenium's role is narrower than most antioxidant nutrients: it's a direct component of glutathione peroxidase, one specific enzyme, which is why Essential pairs it with a broader set of antioxidant ingredients rather than relying on it alone.",[1136],{"_131":1137,"_133":1138},"A narrow but essential role",[1139,1140],"Selenium is a key component of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, contributing to protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting normal immune responses. A study in weaned Beagle puppies found dietary selenium supplementation improved both antioxidant activity and immune function at the amount tested.","Selenium has a narrower safety margin than many minerals, meaning the gap between a useful amount and an excessive one is smaller. That's why Essential includes it at a small, measured amount per serving rather than leaving total intake to guesswork.",[1142,1146,1149,1152,1155],{"_154":1143,"_156":1144,"_105":1145},"Is selenium safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. A study in weaned Beagle puppies found dietary selenium supplementation improved antioxidant activity and immune function without safety concerns at the amount tested.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1147,"_156":1148},"What does selenium do for dogs?","It's a key component of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, helping protect cells from oxidative stress and supporting normal immune responses.",{"_154":1150,"_156":1151},"Is selenium good for a dog's immune system?","The research points that way. A study in weaned puppies found selenium supplementation improved both antioxidant activity and immune function, which is the reasoning behind including it in Essential's antioxidant defence group.",{"_154":1153,"_156":1154},"Can a dog have too much selenium?","Selenium has a narrower safety margin than many minerals, which is why Broono includes it at a small, measured amount per serving in Essential rather than leaving total intake to guesswork.",{"_154":1156,"_156":1157},"Why is selenium paired with other antioxidant nutrients in Essential?","Because antioxidant enzyme systems work as a network, not a single compound. Selenium's specific role, powering glutathione peroxidase, complements the other antioxidant ingredients in Essential rather than duplicating them.",{"_75":1159,"_77":1160,"_17":1161,"_80":1162,"_82":1163,"_84":1164,"_86":1165,"_88":1166,"_100":1170,"_99":1177,"_121":1180,"_123":1181,"_151":1194},"taurine-for-dogs","taurine","Taurine","L-Taurine","Supports normal cardiac function and cellular energy balance in dogs","Taurine is an amino acid dogs need for cardiac muscle function and cellular energy use, central to normal heart function and metabolic balance.","Steady energy metabolism",[1167],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1168,"_82":1163,"_97":1169,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"130 mg","Taurine is an amino acid involved in cardiac muscle function, bile acid conjugation, and cellular homeostasis. It supports efficient energy utilisation at the cellular level and plays a key role in maintaining normal heart function and metabolic balance.",[1171,1174],{"_103":1172,"_105":1173},"Fascetti, A.J., Reed, J.R., Rogers, Q.R. and Backus, R.C. (2003) ‘Taurine deficiency in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy: 12 cases (1997–2001)’, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223(8), pp. 1137–1141","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584743/",{"_103":1175,"_105":1176},"Brethel, S., Locker, S., Girens, R., Rivera, P., Meurs, K. and Adin, D. (2023) ‘The effect of taurine supplementation on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system of dogs with congestive heart failure’, Scientific Reports, 13, 10700","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-37978-1",{"_114":1178,"_116":1179,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/taurine.png?v=1785548289","Heap of fine white taurine crystals","Taurine is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients.",{"_39":1182,"_126":1183,"_128":1184},"Taurine for dogs: the amino acid tied directly to heart function","Taurine gets tracked more closely than most amino acids in canine nutrition, because a shortfall has a documented, specific consequence: dilated cardiomyopathy, which is why Essential includes a measured amount rather than assuming diet alone covers it.",[1185,1190],{"_131":1186,"_133":1187},"Why taurine is watched so closely in dogs",[1188,1189],"A case series of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy directly linked the condition to taurine deficiency, a rare and specific finding for a single amino acid. Beyond cardiac muscle function, taurine is also involved in bile acid conjugation and cellular homeostasis, supporting efficient energy use at the cellular level.","More recent research has gone further, studying taurine supplementation's effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in dogs with congestive heart failure, one of the pathways involved in heart failure progression, alongside its established role in normal cardiac muscle function.",{"_131":1191,"_133":1192},"A baseline ingredient, not a treatment",[1193],"Taurine's role in cellular energy use and metabolic balance is relevant to every dog, not only those with a diagnosed heart condition. Essential includes it as a baseline daily-maintenance ingredient rather than a therapeutic amount aimed at a specific diagnosis.",[1195,1199,1202,1205,1208],{"_154":1196,"_156":1197,"_105":1198},"Is taurine safe for dogs?","Yes, and it's more than safe, it's essential. Taurine deficiency has been directly linked to dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, and supplementation has been studied in dogs with congestive heart failure without safety concerns at the amounts used.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1200,"_156":1201},"Why do dogs need taurine?","It's an amino acid involved in cardiac muscle function, bile acid conjugation and cellular homeostasis. Taurine deficiency has been documented as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, which is why it's tracked closely in canine nutrition.",{"_154":1203,"_156":1204},"What does taurine do for a dog's heart?","Research in dogs with congestive heart failure has studied taurine supplementation's effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, one of the pathways involved in heart failure progression, alongside its established role in normal cardiac muscle function.",{"_154":1206,"_156":1207},"Is taurine deficiency common in dogs?","It's been documented as a specific cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in a case series of affected dogs, which is part of why Broono includes a measured amount in Essential's daily energy metabolism ingredients rather than assuming diet alone covers it.",{"_154":1209,"_156":1210},"Can healthy dogs benefit from taurine, or is it only for heart conditions?","Taurine's role in cellular energy use and metabolic balance is relevant to every dog, not only those with a diagnosed heart condition. Essential includes it as a baseline daily-maintenance ingredient rather than a therapeutic amount for a specific diagnosis.",{"_75":1212,"_77":1213,"_17":1214,"_80":1215,"_82":1216,"_84":1217,"_86":87,"_88":1218,"_100":1221,"_99":1228,"_121":1230,"_123":1231,"_151":1255},"turmeric-for-dogs","turmeric","Turmeric","Curcuma longa","Turmeric is safe for dogs at a measured daily amount, and it supports joint comfort and antioxidant protection","Turmeric's curcuminoids are studied in dogs with osteoarthritis for pain-related outcomes and joint comfort, plus their role in the antioxidant network.",[1219],{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":463,"_82":1216,"_97":1220,"_86":87,"_99":-7},"Turmeric is safe for dogs at a measured daily amount. It naturally contains curcuminoids, compounds studied for their role in inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways. In canine mobility research, curcuminoid-containing diets and supplements have been evaluated in dogs with osteoarthritis, with positive signals for pain-related outcomes and functional comfort. Within the formula, turmeric supports joint comfort while also contributing to the antioxidant network that helps protect joint tissues from oxidative stress.",[1222,1225],{"_103":1223,"_105":1224},"Comblain, F., Barthélémy, N., Lefèbvre, M., Schwartz, C., Lesponne, I., Serisier, S., Feugier, A., Balligand, M. and Henrotin, Y. (2017) ‘A randomized, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of a diet supplemented with curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in owner’s dogs with osteoarthritis’, BMC Veterinary Research, 13, 395","https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-017-1317-8",{"_103":1226,"_105":1227},"Hsueh, H.-C., Ho, G.-R., Tzeng, S.I., Liang, K.-H. and Horng, Y.-S. (2025) ‘Effects of curcumin on serum inflammatory biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’, BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 25, 237","https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-025-04951-6",{"_114":1229,"_116":117,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/turmeric-root.png?v=1768285563","Turmeric is included as part of Move's inflammation support active ingredients.",{"_39":1232,"_126":1233,"_128":1234},"Turmeric for dogs: how much is safe, and does it actually help joints","The right amount of turmeric depends on the extract's concentration, but the canine research on curcuminoids points to real joint-comfort benefits at the amount used in a purpose-built supplement.",[1235,1240,1245,1250],{"_131":1236,"_133":1237},"How much turmeric is safe for a dog",[1238,1239],"There isn't one universal number, because the right amount depends on a dog's size and on how concentrated the turmeric extract is. Raw turmeric powder sprinkled on food is much weaker than a standardised curcuminoid extract, so the two aren't directly comparable.","That's why Broono doesn't ask owners to guess: Move includes a fixed amount of turmeric per serving, sized within a chew formulated for a dog's daily routine rather than measured out by hand. If you're supplementing turmeric outside a purpose-built product, it's worth checking the concentration with your vet rather than assuming any amount is automatically safe.",{"_131":1241,"_133":1242},"What the research in dogs actually found",[1243,1244],"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in dogs with osteoarthritis tested a diet supplemented with curcuminoids, hydrolysed collagen, and green tea extract, and found benefits for owner-assessed comfort and function. A separate 2025 meta-analysis of curcumin in osteoarthritis (in people) found consistent reductions in inflammatory markers across multiple randomised trials, supporting the mechanism behind why curcuminoids are studied for joint support in the first place.","Turmeric wasn't tested alone in the canine study, it was one part of a supplement formulation, which is consistent with how Broono uses it in Move: alongside boswellia, ginger, glucosamine, and chondroitin, plus piperine to help the curcumin actually get absorbed, rather than as a single ingredient expected to do all the work.",{"_131":1246,"_133":1247},"Turmeric vs boswellia: do you need both",[1248,1249],"Turmeric and boswellia are often searched as alternatives, since both are botanical anti-inflammatories studied for joint comfort in dogs. They work through overlapping but distinct pathways, curcuminoids and boswellic acids respectively, which is why Move includes both rather than picking one over the other.","If you're comparing the two for a dog that's never had either, there isn't strong evidence that one is categorically better. The research base for boswellia in dogs, including placebo-controlled osteoarthritis trials, is at least as developed as turmeric's, so the practical answer is that combining them is well supported by the available formulations research rather than being a case of picking a winner.",{"_131":1251,"_133":1252},"Side effects and safety notes",[1253,1254],"At the amounts used in dog supplements, turmeric is generally well tolerated. The main caution in the human literature is gastrointestinal upset at large amounts, and turmeric can interact with blood-thinning medication, so check with your vet before starting if your dog is on any medication, particularly anything affecting clotting.","As with any new ingredient, introduce it gradually and watch for any change in stool or appetite over the first week.",[1256,1259,1262,1265,1268,1271,1275],{"_154":1257,"_156":1258},"Is turmeric safe for dogs?","At the amount used in a purpose-built supplement, yes. The main caution in the literature is a possible interaction with blood-thinning medication, plus mild digestive upset if it's introduced too quickly, so check with your vet if your dog is on other medication.",{"_154":1260,"_156":1261},"Can dogs eat turmeric?","Yes. Turmeric's curcuminoids are the compounds studied in dogs with osteoarthritis, and a placebo-controlled trial found benefits for pain-related outcomes and joint comfort when it was part of a supplement formulation. Raw turmeric powder is much weaker than a standardised extract, which is why Move uses the extract rather than the spice.",{"_154":1263,"_156":1264},"What does turmeric do for dogs?","It supplies curcuminoids, compounds studied for their role in inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways. Canine osteoarthritis research has linked curcuminoid-containing supplements to better pain-related outcomes and functional comfort, and within Move turmeric also feeds the antioxidant network protecting joint tissue.",{"_154":1266,"_156":1267},"Is turmeric good for dogs with arthritis?","The evidence points that way. A placebo-controlled study in dogs with osteoarthritis found benefits from a curcuminoid-containing supplement on owner-assessed comfort and function, which is why turmeric is included in Move alongside boswellia, ginger, glucosamine, and chondroitin.",{"_154":1269,"_156":1270},"How much turmeric can I give my dog?","It depends on the dog's size and how concentrated the turmeric extract is, which is why Broono uses a set, tested amount per serving, in a chew sized for daily use rather than leaving owners to measure loose powder. If you're supplementing turmeric separately, check the concentration and the amount with your vet.",{"_154":1272,"_156":1273,"_105":1274},"Can dogs take turmeric with other joint supplements?","Yes, that's how it's typically used. In the canine research, curcuminoids are usually studied as part of a formulation, not alone, and Move combines turmeric with boswellia, ginger, glucosamine, and chondroitin for that reason.",{"_165":218,"_167":219},{"_154":1276,"_156":1277},"Are there side effects of turmeric for dogs?","At supplement amounts it's generally well tolerated. The main things to watch for are mild digestive upset when first introducing it, and a potential interaction with blood-thinning medication, so speak to your vet first if your dog takes any.",{"_75":1279,"_77":1280,"_17":1281,"_80":1282,"_82":1283,"_84":1284,"_86":1165,"_88":1285,"_100":1289,"_99":1293,"_121":1296,"_123":1297,"_151":1309},"thiamine-for-dogs","thiamine","Vitamin B1","Thiamine","Supports normal energy metabolism and nervous system function in dogs","Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a required cofactor for turning food into energy in dogs; a shortfall can affect appetite and coordination over time.",[1286],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1287,"_82":1283,"_97":1288,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"2 mg","Vitamin B1 (thiamine) supports normal energy metabolism and nervous system function in dogs. It's a required cofactor for converting food into usable energy, and a shortfall can affect appetite and coordination over time, which is why it's included in Essential at a measured amount per serving rather than left to diet alone.",[1290],{"_103":1291,"_105":1292},"Yu, J. and Drobatz, K.J. (2019) ‘Thiamine deficiency in dogs and cats’, Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 29(2), pp. 107–120","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5753639/",{"_114":1294,"_116":1295,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B1-Thiamine.png?v=1742720562","Vitamin B1 chemical structure","Vitamin B1 is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients.",{"_39":1298,"_126":1299,"_128":1300},"Vitamin B1 for dogs: a small vitamin that degrades faster than you'd expect","Thiamine's job is straightforward, energy metabolism and nervous-system function, but a shortfall is more plausible than it sounds, since the vitamin degrades with heat and storage time, which is why Essential includes a set amount rather than assuming diet alone is enough.",[1301,1305],{"_131":1302,"_133":1303},"A required cofactor, not a nice-to-have",[1304],"Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is a required cofactor for converting food into usable energy, and it supports normal nervous-system function alongside that metabolic role. A veterinary review of thiamine deficiency in dogs and cats covers how a shortfall develops and how it can affect appetite and coordination once it progresses beyond a minor gap.",{"_131":1306,"_133":1307},"Why a well-fed dog can still fall short",[1308],"It's less common in dogs on a balanced, well-stored diet, but thiamine degrades over time and with heat, which is exactly the kind of gradual, easy-to-miss shortfall the veterinary literature describes. That's part of why Essential includes a measured amount per serving as part of the daily B-complex, rather than assuming diet alone is sufficient.",[1310,1314,1317,1320,1323],{"_154":1311,"_156":1312,"_105":1313},"Is thiamine safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a required cofactor for converting food into usable energy, and Broono includes it at a measured amount in Essential.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1315,"_156":1316},"What happens if a dog doesn't get enough thiamine?","A shortfall can affect appetite and coordination over time. A veterinary review of thiamine deficiency in dogs and cats covers how this can develop and why it becomes more than a minor nutritional gap once it progresses.",{"_154":1318,"_156":1319},"What does vitamin B1 do for dogs?","It supports normal energy metabolism and nervous system function, acting as a required cofactor for converting food into usable energy.",{"_154":1321,"_156":1322},"Can a healthy, well-fed dog still be low in thiamine?","It's less common than in dogs on unbalanced or poorly stored diets, since thiamine degrades over time and with heat, but the veterinary literature on thiamine deficiency is part of why Broono includes a measured amount per serving rather than assuming diet alone is sufficient.",{"_154":1324,"_156":1325},"Why is thiamine included in Essential rather than a standalone product?","Because its role, energy metabolism and nervous system function, is a daily maintenance need relevant to every dog, not a targeted fix for one symptom, which fits Essential's broader B-complex purpose.",{"_75":1327,"_77":1328,"_17":1329,"_80":1330,"_82":1331,"_84":1332,"_86":1165,"_88":1333,"_100":1337,"_99":1344,"_121":1348,"_123":1349,"_151":1366},"vitamin-b12-for-dogs","vitamin-b12","Vitamin B12","Cobalamin","Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) supports normal energy metabolism and gastrointestinal function in dogs, and low levels are more common than most owners realize","Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) drives cellular metabolism, energy production and digestive health in dogs, absorbed through a gut-specific mechanism.",[1334],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1335,"_82":1331,"_97":1336,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"25 μg","Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, plays a key role in cellular metabolism and energy production, and it supports digestive health. Dogs absorb it through a specific gut mechanism, which is why chronic digestive conditions are the most common cause of low B12 in dogs rather than diet alone. Essential includes a baseline amount per serving as part of the B-complex, supporting normal metabolic function across the body.",[1338,1341],{"_103":1339,"_105":1340},"Toresson, L., Steiner, J.M., Suchodolski, J.S. and Spillmann, T. (2016) ‘Oral cobalamin supplementation in dogs with chronic enteropathies and hypocobalaminemia’, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(1), pp. 101–107","https://academic.oup.com/jvim/article/30/1/101/8452785",{"_103":1342,"_105":1343},"Chang, C.-H., Steiner, J.M., Williams, D.A. and Suchodolski, J.S. (2022) ‘Effect of oral or injectable supplementation with cobalamin in dogs with hypocobalaminemia caused by chronic enteropathy or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency’, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 36(5), pp. 1607–1615","https://academic.oup.com/jvim/article/36/5/1607/8492742",{"_114":1345,"_116":1346,"_118":197,"_120":1347},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B12-Cobalamin.png?v=1742719396","Vitamin B12 chemical structure",1001,"Vitamin B12 is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients.",{"_39":1350,"_126":1351,"_128":1352},"Vitamin B12 for dogs: why cobalamin matters, and when it becomes essential","Vitamin B12 supports energy metabolism and gut function in every dog, but it becomes a genuine clinical concern in dogs with chronic digestive conditions, where absorption breaks down long before diet does.",[1353,1357,1362],{"_131":1354,"_133":1355},"Why dogs need vitamin B12",[1356],"Cobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12, is a cofactor in the metabolic pathways that convert food into usable energy, and it supports the cells lining the digestive tract. Unlike some nutrients, dogs can't absorb it efficiently without a specific carrier mechanism produced in the pancreas and small intestine, which is why B12 status is closely tied to gut health rather than diet alone.",{"_131":1358,"_133":1359},"Signs of low B12 in dogs",[1360,1361],"Low cobalamin in dogs is usually a downstream sign of an underlying digestive issue, chronic enteropathy or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency being the most studied causes, rather than a stand-alone problem. Veterinary research on dogs with these conditions has found that oral cobalamin supplementation is effective at correcting hypocobalaminemia, and later work confirmed oral supplementation performs comparably to injectable cobalamin for dogs with chronic enteropathy or pancreatic insufficiency.","If a dog has ongoing digestive symptoms, a vet-run cobalamin blood test is the way to confirm low B12, rather than guessing from symptoms alone.",{"_131":1363,"_133":1364},"Why Essential includes a baseline amount",[1365],"What Essential includes is pitched at maintenance level, supporting normal energy metabolism and gut function as part of the daily B-complex, not treating a diagnosed deficiency. A dog with a confirmed cobalamin deficiency from a digestive condition needs a higher, therapeutic amount determined by a vet, which is a different use case from daily preventative support.",[1367,1370,1373,1376,1379],{"_154":1368,"_156":1369},"What does vitamin B12 do for dogs?","It supports cellular energy metabolism and digestive health. Cobalamin is a required cofactor in the pathways that convert food into usable energy, and it supports the cells lining the gut.",{"_154":1371,"_156":1372},"What causes low vitamin B12 in dogs?","Usually an underlying digestive condition, most commonly chronic enteropathy or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, since dogs absorb B12 through a gut-specific mechanism rather than diet alone. Veterinary research supports oral cobalamin supplementation as an effective way to correct this once identified.",{"_154":1374,"_156":1375},"Is oral vitamin B12 as effective as injections for dogs?","Research in dogs with chronic enteropathy or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency found oral cobalamin supplementation performed comparably to injectable supplementation for correcting hypocobalaminemia, though a vet should confirm the right approach for a diagnosed deficiency.",{"_154":1377,"_156":1378},"Does a healthy dog need vitamin B12 supplementation?","A healthy dog with normal digestion typically gets enough B12 from diet, which is why Essential includes it at a measured, baseline amount as part of the daily B-complex rather than a higher, therapeutic amount. Dogs with digestive conditions affecting absorption are a different case, and should be assessed by a vet.",{"_154":1380,"_156":1381,"_105":1382},"Is vitamin B12 safe for dogs?","Yes. Cobalamin is an essential nutrient, and oral supplementation has been studied in dogs with chronic digestive conditions without safety concerns, performing comparably to injectable forms for correcting deficiency.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_75":1384,"_77":1385,"_17":1386,"_80":1387,"_82":1388,"_84":1389,"_86":1165,"_88":1390,"_100":1394,"_99":1396,"_121":1399,"_123":1400,"_151":1412},"vitamin-b2-for-dogs","vitamin-b2","Vitamin B2","Riboflavin","Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is safe for dogs and supports normal energy production and cellular metabolism","Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a cofactor in the pathways that turn food into usable energy, part of a dog's B-complex rather than a standalone fix.",[1391],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1392,"_82":1388,"_97":1393,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"4 mg","Vitamin B2, also called riboflavin, is safe for dogs at typical supplement amounts and supports normal energy production and cellular metabolism. It acts as a cofactor in the metabolic pathways that turn food into usable energy, helping keep that process running efficiently. Broono includes it at a set amount per serving in Essential, alongside the rest of the B-complex, rather than as a standalone fix for any single symptom.",[1395],{"_103":822,"_105":823},{"_114":1397,"_116":1398,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B2-Riboflavin.png?v=1742720539","Vitamin B2 chemical structure","Vitamin B2 is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients.",{"_39":1401,"_126":1402,"_128":1403},"Vitamin B2 for dogs: a B-complex cofactor, not a standalone fix","Riboflavin rarely gets attention on its own, and that's by design: its job is as one cofactor among several in the same energy-metabolism pathway, which is why Essential includes it alongside the rest of the B-complex.",[1404,1408],{"_131":1405,"_133":1406},"What riboflavin actually does",[1407],"Vitamin B2, also called riboflavin, acts as a cofactor in the metabolic pathways that turn food into usable energy, an essential nutrient with a defined requirement set out in the National Research Council's Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. As a water-soluble vitamin, excess is generally excreted rather than stored, which is part of why B-complex vitamins carry lower risk than fat-soluble ones like A or D.",{"_131":1409,"_133":1410},"Why it comes as part of a complex, not alone",[1411],"B vitamins work together across overlapping metabolic pathways, which is why Essential includes riboflavin alongside the rest of the B-complex rather than isolating it. Splitting the group up would leave the pathways riboflavin feeds into short of the other cofactors they depend on.",[1413,1416,1419,1422,1426],{"_154":1414,"_156":1415},"Is riboflavin safe for dogs?","Yes. Riboflavin is an essential B vitamin with an established requirement in canine nutrition, set out in the National Research Council's Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Broono includes it at a set amount per serving in Essential.",{"_154":1417,"_156":1418},"Can dogs have riboflavin?","Yes, and they need it. Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is a required nutrient for dogs, not an optional extra, because it's a cofactor in the metabolic pathways that turn food into usable energy.",{"_154":1420,"_156":1421},"What does vitamin B2 do for dogs?","It acts as a cofactor in energy metabolism, helping the body convert food into usable energy efficiently. It's included in Essential alongside the rest of the B-complex rather than as a standalone fix for any single symptom.",{"_154":1423,"_156":1424,"_105":1425},"Why is riboflavin given as part of a B-complex rather than alone?","Because B vitamins work together in overlapping metabolic pathways. Broono includes vitamin B2 alongside the rest of the B-complex in Essential so the pathways it supports aren't left short of the other cofactors they depend on.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1427,"_156":1428},"Can a dog have too much riboflavin?","It's very unlikely at supplement amounts. Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, so excess is generally excreted rather than stored, which is part of why B-complex vitamins are considered lower risk than fat-soluble vitamins like A or D.",{"_75":1430,"_77":1431,"_17":1432,"_80":1433,"_82":1434,"_84":1435,"_86":1436,"_88":1437,"_100":1440,"_99":1450,"_121":1453,"_123":1454,"_151":1467},"niacinamide-for-dogs","niacinamide","Vitamin B3","Niacinamide","Vitamin B3 (niacinamide) supports your dog's skin barrier, coat condition, and cellular energy metabolism","Niacinamide (vitamin B3) plays into a dog's skin barrier, coat condition and cellular energy metabolism, helping skin hold moisture and resist irritation.","Skin barrier nutrient",[1438],{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":1392,"_82":1434,"_97":1439,"_86":1436,"_99":-7},"Vitamin B3, also known as niacinamide, supports your dog's skin barrier function, coat condition, and cellular energy metabolism. It plays a role in epidermal renewal and helps the skin hold on to moisture and resist irritation, which is why it sits alongside the fibre blend in Prebiotic: one supports the gut, the other supports the skin, and the two are more connected than they look.",[1441,1444,1447],{"_103":1442,"_105":1443},"Boo, Y.C. (2021) ‘Mechanistic basis and clinical evidence for the applications of nicotinamide (niacinamide) to control skin aging and pigmentation’, Antioxidants, 10(8), 1315","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8389214/",{"_103":1445,"_105":1446},"Ong, R.R. and Goh, C.F. (2024) ‘Niacinamide: a review on dermal delivery strategies and clinical evidence’, Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 14(12), pp. 3512–3548","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38722460/",{"_103":1448,"_105":1449},"Sjöberg, T., Fsahaye, A., Nilsson, E.J., Letasiova, S., Namro, I., Visdal-Johnsen, L., Hrapovic, N., Smiljanic, S., Österlund, C., Engblom, J. and Björklund, S. (2025) ‘Niacinamide and its impact on stratum corneum hydration and structure’, Scientific Reports, 15, 4953","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-88899-0",{"_114":1451,"_116":1452,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B3-Niacinamide.png?v=1742720501","Vitamin B3 chemical structure","Niacinamide is included as part of Prebiotic's skin barrier nutrients active ingredients.",{"_39":1455,"_126":1456,"_128":1457},"Niacinamide for dogs: the skin-barrier B vitamin","Vitamin B3 has two forms with different behaviour at higher amounts, and Prebiotic uses niacinamide specifically for its skin-barrier and energy-metabolism role, sitting alongside the gut-focused fibre blend.",[1458,1463],{"_131":1459,"_133":1460},"What niacinamide does for skin specifically",[1461,1462],"Niacinamide supports epidermal renewal and helps skin hold on to moisture and resist irritation, a mechanism well studied in human dermatology, including its effect on skin ageing, pigmentation and stratum corneum hydration and structure. The same barrier mechanism applies to a dog's skin, which is why it's grouped with skin barrier nutrients rather than general vitamins.","Gut and skin health track together more than they appear to on the surface, which is the reasoning behind pairing niacinamide with the rest of Prebiotic's fibre blend rather than treating them as unrelated systems.",{"_131":1464,"_133":1465},"Niacinamide vs niacin",[1466],"Niacinamide (nicotinamide) and niacin are both forms of vitamin B3, but they behave differently at higher amounts: niacin can cause flushing, niacinamide typically doesn't, which is part of why Broono uses niacinamide specifically rather than niacin.",[1468,1471,1474,1477,1481],{"_154":1469,"_156":1470},"What does niacinamide do for dogs?","Niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3, supports a dog's skin barrier, coat condition and cellular energy metabolism. It plays a role in epidermal renewal and helps skin hold on to moisture and resist irritation, which is why it's part of Prebiotic alongside the fibre blend.",{"_154":1472,"_156":1473},"Is niacinamide safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. It's a form of vitamin B3, an essential nutrient, and its skin-barrier role is backed by both human dermatology research and its established use in canine nutrition.",{"_154":1475,"_156":1476},"What are the benefits of niacinamide for dogs?","It supports the skin's ability to hold moisture and resist irritation, plus normal cellular energy metabolism. The dermatology research behind niacinamide's skin-barrier role, including its effect on stratum corneum hydration and structure, is well studied in human skin, and the same barrier mechanism applies to a dog's skin.",{"_154":1478,"_156":1479,"_105":1480},"Can I give my dog niacinamide on its own?","Broono includes it as part of Prebiotic's skin barrier nutrients rather than as a standalone active, alongside the fibre blend, because gut and skin health are more connected than they look. If you're supplementing niacinamide separately, check the amount with your vet rather than guessing.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":1482,"_156":1483},"Is niacinamide the same as niacin for dogs?","They're related but not identical. Niacinamide (nicotinamide) and niacin are both forms of vitamin B3, but they behave differently at higher amounts, niacin can cause flushing, niacinamide typically doesn't, which is part of why Broono uses niacinamide specifically.",{"_75":1485,"_77":1486,"_17":1487,"_80":1488,"_82":1489,"_84":1490,"_86":1165,"_88":1491,"_100":1495,"_99":1497,"_121":1500,"_123":1501,"_151":1510},"vitamin-b5-for-dogs","vitamin-b5","Vitamin B5","Pantothenic acid","Supports normal energy metabolism in dogs","Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is essential for producing coenzyme A, the molecule dogs rely on to generate and use energy efficiently.",[1492],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1493,"_82":1489,"_97":1494,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"12 mg","Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) is essential for the production of coenzyme A, a molecule involved in energy metabolism. It supports the body’s ability to generate and utilise energy efficiently.",[1496],{"_103":822,"_105":823},{"_114":1498,"_116":1499,"_118":197,"_120":197},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B5-Pantothenic-acid.png?v=1742719481","Vitamin B5 chemical structure","Vitamin B5 is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients.",{"_39":1502,"_126":1503,"_128":1504},"Vitamin B5 for dogs: the coenzyme A vitamin","Pantothenic acid's name comes from the Greek for \"everywhere,\" a fitting description for a vitamin needed to build coenzyme A, a molecule central to energy metabolism across nearly every cell, which is why it sits in Essential's B-complex group.",[1505],{"_131":1506,"_133":1507},"Why coenzyme A matters",[1508,1509],"Vitamin B5 is essential for producing coenzyme A, supporting the body's ability to generate and use energy efficiently. It has an established requirement in canine nutrition set out in the National Research Council's Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats, and most balanced diets provide adequate amounts.","Even so, Essential includes a measured baseline amount per serving as part of the daily B-complex rather than assuming diet alone covers every dog's needs, keeping B5 alongside the other B vitamins it works with in overlapping metabolic pathways.",[1511,1515,1518,1521,1524],{"_154":1512,"_156":1513,"_105":1514},"Is vitamin B5 safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) has an established requirement in canine nutrition, set out in the National Research Council's Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1516,"_156":1517},"What does vitamin B5 do for dogs?","It's essential for producing coenzyme A, a molecule central to energy metabolism, supporting the body's ability to generate and use energy efficiently.",{"_154":1519,"_156":1520},"Why is vitamin B5 part of the B-complex rather than given alone?","B vitamins work together across overlapping metabolic pathways, so Broono includes B5 alongside the rest of the B-complex in Essential rather than isolating it, keeping the pathways it feeds into supplied with their other cofactors.",{"_154":1522,"_156":1523},"Can dogs get enough vitamin B5 from food alone?","Most balanced diets provide adequate pantothenic acid, but Essential includes a measured baseline amount per serving as part of the daily B-complex rather than assuming diet alone covers every dog's needs.",{"_154":1525,"_156":1526},"Is pantothenic acid the same as vitamin B5?","Yes, they're the same nutrient. Pantothenic acid is the chemical name for vitamin B5, and it's the name used in the National Research Council's nutrient requirements for dogs.",{"_75":1528,"_77":1529,"_17":1530,"_80":1531,"_82":1532,"_84":1533,"_86":1165,"_88":1534,"_100":1541,"_99":1547,"_121":1550,"_123":1551,"_151":1568},"vitamin-b6-for-dogs","vitamin-b6","Vitamin B6","Pyridoxine","Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supports normal amino acid metabolism and helps keep your dog's nervous system and mood balanced","Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) drives amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis in dogs, including serotonin, keeping nervous-system signalling on track.",[1535,1537],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":248,"_82":1532,"_97":1536,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, supports normal amino acid metabolism and plays a direct role in your dog's nervous system function. It's a required cofactor for synthesising neurotransmitters, including serotonin, which is why it shows up in both Essential (as part of the core B-complex) and Calm, where it works alongside magnesium and L-tryptophan to support the biochemical side of a steady mood.",{"_75":514,"_39":515,"_93":516,"_95":1538,"_82":1539,"_97":1540,"_86":749,"_99":-7},"38 mg","Supports neurotransmitter synthesis and nervous-system function","Vitamin B6 is a key cofactor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters involved in calm behaviour and mood regulation, including serotonin and GABA. It supports the balance between neural excitation and inhibition, helping maintain normal nervous-system function. In the formula, vitamin B6 complements L-tryptophan and magnesium by supporting the biochemical pathways linked to emotional balance.",[1542,1543,1546],{"_103":822,"_105":823},{"_103":1544,"_105":1545},"Field, D.T., Cracknell, R.O., Eastwood, J.R., Scarfe, P., Williams, C.M., Zheng, Y. and Tavassoli, T. (2022) ‘High-dose vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression’, Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 37(6), e2852","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9787829/",{"_103":756,"_105":757},{"_114":1548,"_116":1549,"_118":197,"_120":1347},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B6-Pyridoxine.png?v=1742722688","Vitamin B6 chemical structure","Vitamin B6 is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients and Calm's nervous system cofactors active ingredients.",{"_39":1552,"_126":1553,"_128":1554},"Vitamin B6 and its role in Calm and Essential","B6 doesn't calm on its own so much as it unblocks the pathway: it's required for turning tryptophan into serotonin, and research pairing it with magnesium beat magnesium alone on stress measures, the same combination used in Calm.",[1555,1560,1564],{"_131":1556,"_133":1557},"The cofactor behind the other calming ingredients",[1558,1559],"B6 doesn't act as a calming ingredient by itself so much as it makes the rest of the formula's calming pathway work. Serotonin synthesis from L-tryptophan needs B6 as a step in the process, and B6 also supports GABA, a neurotransmitter involved in inhibitory nervous-system signalling and the balance between excitation and calm.","Without enough B6, the tryptophan-to-serotonin conversion has a bottleneck. Including both in Calm is meant to keep that pathway supplied end to end.",{"_131":1561,"_133":1562},"What the research shows",[1563],"A 2022 study found that high-dose vitamin B6 reduced anxiety and strengthened a specific visual measure linked to nervous-system inhibition. Separately, B6 combined with magnesium performed better than magnesium alone on measures of severe stress in adults with low magnesium levels, the same pairing used in Calm.",{"_131":1565,"_133":1566},"Also part of Essential",[1567],"B6 is one of the core B-complex vitamins in Essential too, where it supports general amino acid metabolism. In Calm, it takes on a more specific role: working alongside magnesium and L-tryptophan to support the biochemistry behind a steady mood.",[1569,1572,1575,1578,1582],{"_154":1570,"_156":1571},"What does vitamin B6 do for dogs?","It supports normal amino acid metabolism and is a required cofactor for synthesising neurotransmitters, including serotonin and GABA, both involved in mood and nervous-system balance.",{"_154":1573,"_156":1574},"Why is B6 paired with magnesium and L-tryptophan in Calm?","B6 is needed to convert L-tryptophan into serotonin, and it also works alongside magnesium in supporting the nervous system. Research combining magnesium and B6 found better results on stress measures than magnesium on its own, which is the logic behind combining all three in one formula.",{"_154":1576,"_156":1577},"Is vitamin B6 only relevant for calming, or does it do more?","It has a broader role. B6 is part of the core B-complex in Essential, where it supports general amino acid metabolism across the body. In Calm, that same nutrient takes on a more targeted role in the neurotransmitter pathways tied to mood.",{"_154":1579,"_156":1580,"_105":1581},"Is vitamin B6 safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amounts studied. A 2022 human study found high-dose B6 reduced anxiety without safety concerns, and B6 combined with magnesium has been tested in clinical trials without notable adverse effects, the same pairing used in Calm.",{"_165":792,"_167":793},{"_154":1583,"_156":1584,"_105":1585},"Can vitamin B6 help with a dog's mood on its own?","Not really on its own; its role is more as an enabler. B6 is the cofactor needed to convert L-tryptophan into serotonin, so without it that conversion pathway has a bottleneck, which is why Calm pairs B6 with tryptophan and magnesium rather than using B6 alone.",{"_165":1586,"_167":1587},"Read more about L-tryptophan","/ingredients/l-tryptophan-for-dogs",{"_75":1589,"_77":1590,"_17":1591,"_80":1592,"_82":1593,"_84":1594,"_86":1165,"_88":1595,"_100":1603,"_99":1610,"_121":1613,"_123":1614,"_151":1627},"folic-acid-for-dogs","folic-acid","Vitamin B9","Folic acid","Supports normal cellular metabolism and gastrointestinal function in dogs","Folic acid drives DNA synthesis and cell turnover in dogs, backing normal gut function and the metabolic work behind healthy tissue renewal.",[1596,1599],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1597,"_82":1593,"_97":1598,"_86":1165,"_99":-7},"250 μg","Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular turnover. It supports normal gastrointestinal function and contributes to healthy metabolic activity and cell renewal.",{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":1600,"_82":1601,"_97":1602,"_86":1436,"_99":-7},"150 μg","Supports normal cell renewal and gastrointestinal function","Folic acid plays an important role in DNA synthesis, cell turnover, and normal metabolic function. These processes are especially relevant to tissues with rapid renewal, including the gut lining and skin. In the formula, folic acid supports the cellular foundation needed for healthy gastrointestinal function and skin barrier maintenance.",[1604,1607],{"_103":1605,"_105":1606},"Ullal, T.V., Marks, S.L., Huebner, S.N., Taylor, S.L. and Shelley, C.D. (2023) ‘Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs’, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(2), pp. 455–464","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36919188/",{"_103":1608,"_105":1609},"Thomsen, M., Künstner, A., Wohlers, I., Olbrich, M., Lenfers, T., Osumi, T., Shimazaki, Y., Nishifuji, K., Ibrahim, S.M., Watson, A., Busch, H. and Hirose, M. (2023) ‘A comprehensive analysis of gut and skin microbiota in canine atopic dermatitis in Shiba Inu dogs’, Microbiome, 11, 232","https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-023-01671-2",{"_114":1611,"_116":1612,"_118":197,"_120":1347},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/Vitamin-B9-Folic-Acid.png?v=1742719430","Vitamin B9 chemical structure","Folic acid is included as part of Essential's steady energy metabolism active ingredients and Prebiotic's skin barrier nutrients active ingredients.",{"_39":1615,"_126":1616,"_128":1617},"Folic acid for dogs: why it shows up in two different products","Folic acid, vitamin B9, does its clearest work in tissues that renew themselves constantly, which is why it appears in both Essential's energy metabolism group and Prebiotic's skin barrier nutrients, rather than sitting in just one formula.",[1618,1623],{"_131":1619,"_133":1620},"Why fast-renewing tissue needs it most",[1621,1622],"Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and cell turnover, and that matters most in tissues that replace their cells quickly: the gut lining and the skin barrier both fall into that category. Research on dogs with chronic enteropathy has linked folate concentrations to clinical signs and lab markers of the condition, underlining how closely gut health tracks with folate status.","Skin follows the same underlying logic. A separate line of research on the gut-skin axis in canine atopic dermatitis reflects how connected these two fast-renewing tissues are, even though they sit at opposite ends of the body.",{"_131":1624,"_133":1625},"Why it sits in two products, not one",[1626],"Essential includes folic acid as part of general daily metabolism, while Prebiotic includes a separate, gut-and-skin-specific amount. That's not duplication: it reflects that folate's cell-renewal role is relevant to overall metabolic health and to the specific demands of gut and skin tissue.",[1628,1632,1636,1639,1642],{"_154":1629,"_156":1630,"_105":1631},"Is folic acid safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. Folic acid, vitamin B9, is essential for DNA synthesis and cell turnover, and Broono includes it at a measured amount in both Essential and Prebiotic.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1633,"_156":1634,"_105":1635},"What does folic acid do for a dog's gut?","It supports DNA synthesis and cell turnover, processes especially relevant to fast-renewing tissue like the gut lining. Research has linked folate concentrations to clinical signs and lab markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs, part of why it's included in Prebiotic.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":1637,"_156":1638},"Does folic acid help a dog's skin as well as digestion?","Broono includes it in Prebiotic for both reasons. Skin and gut are both high-turnover tissues that depend on the same cell-renewal processes folic acid supports, which is why it sits alongside folate's gut role rather than being split across separate products.",{"_154":1640,"_156":1641},"Can dogs have too much folic acid?","At the measured amounts used in a daily supplement, no. Broono includes a set baseline amount per serving in Essential and Prebiotic rather than leaving total intake open-ended.",{"_154":1643,"_156":1644},"Why is folic acid included in two different Broono products?","Because it supports two systems that both depend on rapid cell renewal, the gut lining and skin. Essential includes it as part of general energy metabolism, and Prebiotic includes it specifically for its gut and skin barrier role.",{"_75":1646,"_77":1647,"_17":1648,"_80":1649,"_82":1650,"_84":1651,"_86":242,"_88":1652,"_100":1660,"_99":1666,"_121":1669,"_123":1670,"_151":1682},"vitamin-c-for-dogs","vitamin-c","Vitamin C","Ascorbic acid","Supports antioxidant protection and immune function in dogs","Vitamin C helps neutralise reactive oxygen species in a dog's cells, part of the antioxidant defence network tied to normal immune function.",[1653,1655],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":752,"_82":1650,"_97":1654,"_86":242,"_99":-7},"Vitamin C contributes to antioxidant defence by helping neutralise reactive oxygen species and supporting immune function. It plays a role in maintaining cellular integrity and contributes to the broader antioxidant network within the body.",{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":1656,"_82":1657,"_97":1658,"_86":1659,"_99":-7},"25 mg","Supports collagen formation and antioxidant defence","Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation, a process essential for connective tissue maintenance. It also supports antioxidant protection by helping neutralise reactive oxygen species generated during normal activity and tissue stress. In a mobility formula, vitamin C helps support the structural and antioxidant systems that contribute to resilient joints, tendons, and connective tissues.","Antioxidant protection",[1661,1664],{"_103":1662,"_105":1663},"Hesta, M., Ottermans, C., Krammer-Lukas, S., Zentek, J., Hellweg, P., Buyse, J. and Janssens, G.P.J. (2009) ‘The effect of vitamin C supplementation in healthy dogs on antioxidative capacity and immune parameters’, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 93(1), pp. 26–34","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24349334_The_effect_of_vitamin_C_supplementation_in_healthy_dogs_on_antioxidative_capacity_and_immune_parameters",{"_103":1662,"_105":1665},"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386005/",{"_114":1667,"_116":1668,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/vitamin-c.png?v=1785549113","Cluster of coarse clear ascorbic acid crystals","Vitamin C is included as part of Essential's antioxidant defence active ingredients and Move's antioxidant protection active ingredients.",{"_39":1671,"_126":1672,"_128":1673},"Vitamin C for dogs: useful even though they make their own","Dogs synthesise their own vitamin C, unlike people, but research still shows a benefit to supplementing it, which is why it appears in both Essential's antioxidant group and Move's joint-support blend, doing a slightly different job in each.",[1674,1678],{"_131":1675,"_133":1676},"Why supplement something the body already makes",[1677],"A study in healthy dogs found vitamin C supplementation improved measures of antioxidative capacity and immune parameters, even though dogs produce some on their own. That's the reasoning behind including it rather than assuming natural production covers every antioxidant demand the body faces.",{"_131":1679,"_133":1680},"A different role in Move: collagen",[1681],"In Move, vitamin C's role shifts slightly: it contributes to normal collagen formation, a process essential for connective tissue maintenance, alongside the same antioxidant defence it provides in Essential. That combination supports the structural and antioxidant systems behind resilient joints, tendons and connective tissue during normal activity.",[1683,1687,1691,1694,1697],{"_154":1684,"_156":1685,"_105":1686},"Is vitamin C safe for dogs?","Yes. Unlike people, dogs can synthesise their own vitamin C, so supplementation is generally well tolerated. A study in healthy dogs found vitamin C supplementation supported antioxidative capacity and immune parameters without safety concerns.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1688,"_156":1689,"_105":1690},"Why do dogs need vitamin C supplements?","Dogs produce some vitamin C on their own, but supplementation has still been shown to support antioxidative capacity and immune parameters in healthy dogs, which is why Broono includes it in both Essential and Move rather than assuming natural production covers every role.",{"_165":218,"_167":219},{"_154":1692,"_156":1693},"What does vitamin C do for a dog's joints?","It contributes to normal collagen formation, a process essential for connective tissue maintenance, and supports antioxidant protection against oxidative stress generated during normal activity, which is why Move includes it alongside the other joint-support actives.",{"_154":1695,"_156":1696},"Is vitamin C good for a dog's immune system?","The research supports that role. A study in healthy dogs found vitamin C supplementation improved measures of antioxidative capacity and immune parameters.",{"_154":1698,"_156":1699},"Can dogs have too much vitamin C?","At the measured amounts used in a daily supplement, no. Broono includes a set baseline amount per serving in Essential and Move rather than an open-ended amount.",{"_75":1701,"_77":1702,"_17":1703,"_80":1704,"_82":1705,"_84":1706,"_86":242,"_88":1707,"_100":1717,"_99":1727,"_121":1730,"_123":1731,"_151":1744},"vitamin-e-for-dogs","vitamin-e","Vitamin E","Tocopherol","Supports antioxidant defence in dogs","Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects a dog's cell membranes from oxidative damage, part of the body's natural defence system.",[1708,1710,1713],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":975,"_82":1705,"_97":1709,"_86":242,"_99":-7},"Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. It contributes to maintaining cellular integrity and supports the body’s natural antioxidant systems.",{"_75":91,"_39":92,"_93":94,"_95":1392,"_82":1711,"_97":1712,"_86":1659,"_99":-7},"Supports antioxidant protection for joint and cellular health","Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative stress. Because active joints and connective tissues are exposed to mechanical load and normal oxidative processes, vitamin E contributes to the formula’s antioxidant layer, helping maintain cellular integrity as part of long-term mobility support.",{"_75":300,"_39":301,"_93":302,"_95":1714,"_82":1715,"_97":1716,"_86":1436,"_99":-7},"60 mg","Supports antioxidant protection and skin barrier resilience in dogs","Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative stress. Skin is a high-turnover barrier tissue exposed to environmental and inflammatory stressors, making antioxidant support especially relevant. In dogs, altered vitamin E status has been observed in canine atopic dermatitis, supporting its role as a key nutrient for skin and antioxidant balance.",[1718,1721,1724],{"_103":1719,"_105":1720},"Jewell, D.E., Toll, P.W., Wedekind, K.J. and Zicker, S.C. (2000) ‘Effect of increasing dietary antioxidants on concentrations of vitamin E and total alkenals in serum of dogs and cats’, Veterinary Therapeutics, 1(4), pp. 264–272","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19757574/",{"_103":1722,"_105":1723},"Plevnik Kapun, A., Salobir, J., Levart, A., Tavčar Kalcher, G., Nemec Svete, A. and Kotnik, T. (2013) ‘Plasma and skin vitamin E concentrations in canine atopic dermatitis’, Veterinary Quarterly, 33(1), pp. 2–6","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323961/",{"_103":1725,"_105":1726},"Bradley, C.W., Morris, D.O., Rankin, S.C., Cain, C.L., Misic, A.M., Houser, T., Mauldin, E.A. and Grice, E.A. (2016) ‘Longitudinal evaluation of the skin microbiome and association with microenvironment and treatment in canine atopic dermatitis’, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(6), pp. 1182–1190","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4877200/",{"_114":1728,"_116":1729,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/vitamin-e.png?v=1785549120","Shelled sunflower seeds beside a pool of golden tocopherol oil","Vitamin E is included as part of Essential's antioxidant defence active ingredients, Move's antioxidant protection active ingredients, and Prebiotic's skin barrier nutrients active ingredients.",{"_39":1732,"_126":1733,"_128":1734},"Vitamin E for dogs: one antioxidant, three different tissues","Vitamin E shows up in more Broono products than almost any other ingredient, Essential, Move and Prebiotic, because oxidative stress affects cell membranes everywhere, not just one system.",[1735,1740],{"_131":1736,"_133":1737},"The same mechanism, three different targets",[1738,1739],"As a fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage generally, which is its role in Essential. In Move, that same mechanism is aimed at joints and connective tissue, which face mechanical load and normal oxidative processes during activity.","In Prebiotic, the target is skin, a high-turnover barrier tissue exposed to environmental and inflammatory stressors. Research has found altered vitamin E status in dogs with atopic dermatitis, and a related study tracking the skin microbiome in canine atopic dermatitis situates vitamin E within that broader skin-health picture.",{"_131":1741,"_133":1742},"Why three products, not one",[1743],"Rather than picking a single formula to carry vitamin E's antioxidant role, Broono includes a specific, tested amount in each product, sized to the tissue that product is targeting rather than a single blanket amount used everywhere.",[1745,1749,1753,1757,1760],{"_154":1746,"_156":1747,"_105":1748},"Is vitamin E safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant with an established role in canine nutrition, and research measuring dietary antioxidant levels in dogs supports its safety at supplement amounts.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1750,"_156":1751,"_105":1752},"What does vitamin E do for a dog's skin?","It's a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative stress, which matters for skin specifically because it's a high-turnover barrier tissue. Research has found altered vitamin E status in dogs with atopic dermatitis, supporting its role in skin and antioxidant balance.",{"_165":335,"_167":336},{"_154":1754,"_156":1755,"_105":1756},"Is vitamin E good for a dog's joints?","It plays a supporting role. Active joints and connective tissues are exposed to mechanical load and normal oxidative processes, and vitamin E contributes to the antioxidant layer that helps maintain cellular integrity as part of long-term mobility support.",{"_165":218,"_167":219},{"_154":1758,"_156":1759},"Why is vitamin E included in three different Broono products?","Because oxidative stress affects multiple tissues differently, cell membranes generally, skin specifically, and joints under mechanical load, so vitamin E's antioxidant role is relevant across Essential, Move and Prebiotic rather than being tied to just one system.",{"_154":1761,"_156":1762},"Can dogs have too much vitamin E?","At the measured amounts used in a daily supplement, no. Vitamin E is fat-soluble, so Broono includes a specific, tested amount per product rather than leaving total intake open-ended.",{"_75":1764,"_77":1765,"_17":1766,"_80":1767,"_82":1768,"_84":1769,"_86":1770,"_88":1771,"_100":1774,"_99":1784,"_121":1787,"_123":1788,"_151":1801},"yeast-cell-wall-for-dogs","yeast-cell-wall","Yeast cell wall","Beta-glucans","Source of beta-glucans. Supports normal immune responsiveness in dogs","Yeast cell wall provides beta-glucans, compounds shown to modulate immune cell activity in dogs, including in challenge conditions like vaccination.","Immune function",[1772],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1714,"_82":1768,"_97":1773,"_86":1770,"_99":-7},"Yeast cell wall provides beta-glucans, functional compounds that interact with the innate immune system. In dogs, studies show they can modulate immune cell activity and influence immune responses in challenge conditions such as vaccination. This supports their role in maintaining immune readiness, one of the key biological systems associated with healthy ageing.",[1775,1778,1781],{"_103":1776,"_105":1777},"Paris, S., Chapat, L., Pasin, M., Lambiel, M., Sharrock, T.E., Shukla, R., Sigoillot-Claude, C., Bonnet, J.-M., Poulet, H., Freyburger, L. and De Luca, K. (2020) ‘β-Glucan-Induced Trained Immunity in Dogs’, Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 566893","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.566893/full",{"_103":1779,"_105":1780},"Fries-Craft, K.A., Kilburn-Kappeler, L.R., Aldrich, C.G. and Bobeck, E.A. (2023) ‘Dietary yeast beta 1,3/1,6 glucan supplemented to adult Labrador Retrievers alters peripheral blood immune cell responses to vaccination challenge without affecting protective immunity’, Journal of Animal Science, 101, skad029","https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/doi/10.1093/jas/skad029/7000431",{"_103":1782,"_105":1783},"Vojtek, B., Mojžišová, J., Smrčo, P. and Drážovská, M. (2017) ‘Effects of orally administered β-1,3/1,6-glucan on vaccination responses and immunological parameters in dogs’, Food and Agricultural Immunology, 28(6), pp. 993–1002","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540105.2017.1324407",{"_114":1785,"_116":1786,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/yeast-cell-wall.png?v=1785548296","Heap of beige yeast cell wall powder","Yeast cell wall is included as part of Essential's immune function active ingredients.",{"_39":1789,"_126":1790,"_128":1791},"Yeast cell wall for dogs: beta-glucans and the vaccination test case","Immune readiness is hard to measure directly, which is why researchers have tested yeast cell wall's beta-glucans against a real challenge, vaccination response, rather than relying on markers alone.",[1792,1797],{"_131":1793,"_133":1794},"What beta-glucans do, and how it was tested",[1795,1796],"Yeast cell wall provides beta-glucans, functional compounds that interact with the innate immune system. A study in adult Labrador Retrievers found dietary beta-glucan supplementation altered peripheral blood immune cell responses to a vaccination challenge without affecting protective immunity, and an earlier study reported broader effects on vaccination responses and immunological parameters in dogs.","Testing against a vaccination challenge specifically matters because it's a concrete, measurable immune event, rather than an abstract marker, which gives beta-glucan's immune-modulating effect a clearer real-world anchor than most immune-support ingredients get.",{"_131":1798,"_133":1799},"Why it sits in daily maintenance",[1800],"Immune readiness is one of the core biological systems tied to healthy ageing generally, not a condition-specific fix, which is why Essential includes yeast cell wall as part of daily maintenance rather than positioning it as a standalone immune supplement.",[1802,1806,1809,1812,1815],{"_154":1803,"_156":1804,"_105":1805},"Is yeast cell wall (beta-glucan) safe for dogs?","Yes. Beta-glucans from yeast cell wall have been studied in adult Labrador Retrievers and other dogs for their effect on immune responses to vaccination, without raising safety concerns at the amounts used.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1807,"_156":1808},"What does yeast cell wall do for a dog's immune system?","It provides beta-glucans, compounds that interact with the innate immune system. Canine research has shown they can modulate immune cell activity and influence responses in challenge conditions such as vaccination.",{"_154":1810,"_156":1811},"Does yeast cell wall affect how a dog responds to vaccines?","Research specifically tested this. A study in adult Labrador Retrievers found dietary beta-glucan supplementation altered peripheral blood immune cell responses to a vaccination challenge without affecting protective immunity, and an earlier study reported effects on vaccination responses and immunological parameters more broadly.",{"_154":1813,"_156":1814},"Is beta-glucan the same as yeast cell wall?","Beta-glucans are the specific functional compound Broono is including yeast cell wall for. Yeast cell wall is the source material; beta-glucan is the active component within it that interacts with the immune system.",{"_154":1816,"_156":1817},"Why is yeast cell wall included in Essential rather than a targeted immune product?","Because immune readiness is one of the core biological systems tied to healthy ageing generally, not a condition-specific fix, which fits Essential's daily maintenance purpose rather than a standalone immune supplement.",{"_75":1819,"_77":1820,"_17":1821,"_80":1822,"_82":1823,"_84":1824,"_86":242,"_88":1825,"_100":1828,"_99":1832,"_121":1835,"_123":1836,"_151":1848},"zinc-for-dogs","zinc","Zinc","Zinc sulfate","Supports normal immune function, skin health, and antioxidant defence in dogs","Zinc is a trace mineral dogs need for immune response, skin integrity and antioxidant enzyme systems, core to the body's natural defences.",[1826],{"_75":245,"_39":246,"_93":247,"_95":1493,"_82":1823,"_97":1827,"_86":242,"_99":-7},"Zinc is a key trace mineral involved in immune responses, skin integrity, and antioxidant enzyme systems. It supports normal physiological function across multiple systems and plays an important role in maintaining the body’s natural defence mechanisms.",[1829],{"_103":1830,"_105":1831},"Pereira, A.M., Maia, M.R.G., Fonseca, A.J.M. and Cabrita, A.R.J. (2021) ‘Zinc in dog nutrition, health and disease: a review’, Animals, 11(4), 978","https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/978",{"_114":1833,"_116":1834,"_118":197,"_120":472},"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0554/6426/3877/files/zinc.png?v=1785548261","Chunk of raw zinc metal with faceted silver crystal surfaces","Zinc is included as part of Essential's antioxidant defence active ingredients.",{"_39":1837,"_126":1838,"_128":1839},"Zinc for dogs: often noticed through the skin first","Zinc's role spans immune response, skin integrity and antioxidant enzyme systems at once, which is why a shortfall tends to show up in the coat before anywhere else, and why Essential treats it as a core trace mineral rather than a niche additive.",[1840,1844],{"_131":1841,"_133":1842},"Why skin is where a shortfall shows first",[1843],"Zinc is a key trace mineral involved in immune responses, skin integrity, and antioxidant enzyme systems, supporting normal physiological function across multiple systems at once. A review of zinc in canine nutrition, health and disease covers why zinc deficiency in dogs is often first noticed through skin and coat changes specifically, even though its underlying role is broader than skin alone.",{"_131":1845,"_133":1846},"A measured amount, not an open-ended one",[1847],"Zinc toxicity is a recognised risk at high, uncontrolled amounts, which is why Essential includes a specific, tested amount per serving rather than leaving total intake unaccounted for.",[1849,1853,1856,1859,1862],{"_154":1850,"_156":1851,"_105":1852},"Is zinc safe for dogs?","Yes, at the amount used in a daily supplement. Zinc is a well-reviewed trace mineral in canine nutrition, with an established role across immune function, skin health and antioxidant defence.",{"_165":276,"_167":277},{"_154":1854,"_156":1855},"What does zinc do for a dog's skin?","It's involved in skin integrity specifically, alongside its broader roles in immune response and antioxidant enzyme systems, which is why zinc deficiency in dogs is often first noticed through skin and coat changes.",{"_154":1857,"_156":1858},"Is zinc good for a dog's immune system?","Yes. A review of zinc in canine nutrition, health and disease covers its role across immune responses, skin integrity and antioxidant enzyme systems, supporting its inclusion as a core trace mineral rather than a niche additive.",{"_154":1860,"_156":1861},"Can a dog have too much zinc?","It's unlikely at the measured amount used in a daily supplement, though zinc toxicity is a recognised risk at high, uncontrolled amounts, which is why Broono includes a specific, tested amount per serving in Essential rather than an open-ended one.",{"_154":1863,"_156":1864},"Why is zinc grouped with antioxidant ingredients in Essential?","Because one of its established roles is in antioxidant enzyme systems, alongside immune function and skin integrity, which is why it sits in Essential's antioxidant defence group rather than a standalone mineral blend.","actionData","errors"]